Enriching Resources for the Poor: Lessons from the Philippines

The paper provides an overview of the poverty situation in the Philippines, followed by a brief profile and assessment of two anti‐poverty programs: the Kapit‐Bisig Laban sa Kahirapan‐Comprehensive and Integrated Delivery of Social Services (KALAHI‐CIDSS) program and the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps). Official statistics disclose that the global economic crisis in 2008 adversely affected Filipino households, leading to higher levels of poverty especially in rural areas. In response, government introduced an Economic Resiliency Program with social protection as one component. Sixty‐six social protection programs were launched, including the two under review. KALAHI‐CIDSS and the 4Ps apply poverty reduction strategies that focus on the development of human and social capital, rather than economic capital. They involve processes and relationships that aim to improve the other dimensions of poverty, such as lack of access to opportunities or deprivation of basic human necessities. Qualitative and quantitative reports describe generally favorable outcomes from both programs. However, these gains at the household level need to be supported by relevant policy, enhanced public services and badly‐needed infrastructure programs from government, in order to sustain achievements culled from social protection programs and attain broader developmental impacts.     

An Explicit Distribution to Model the Proportion of Heating Degree Day and Cooling Degree Day

With a view to estimating the energy consumption, we derive the explicit distribution of the proportion X/(X + Y) when X and Y follow the new Bivariate Affine-Linear Exponential distribution. An application of this distribution to model the proportion of heating using the heating degree day and the cooling degree day data in the State of Alabama for Appalachian Mountain is provided. Using intensive computations based on R-program, tabulation of some quantiles associated with this particular distribution of proportion is also provided, which is quite useful in estimating the proportion of energy required to heat a building.     

中国社区主导型发展扶贫项目成效、问题与对策

通过对世界银行与国务院扶贫办外资项目管理中心发起的社区主导型发展项目（CDD）调研,文章发现：CDD项目满意度高,改善了社区基础设施,村民参与度广、深度大,项目对村民进行很好赋权,村民集体行动能力与合作行为得到加强。同时发现项目存在程序严格繁琐,管理体制不善等问题。为了促进社区主导型发展项目的可持续发展,文章提出了四点政策建议。