美国决策层对1969年中苏边界冲突的判断与对策

1969年的中苏边界冲突对美国尼克松政府的对华缓和政策具有重要的推动作用．但从新近公布的解密档案和冷战史研究来看,边界冲突并不必然会导致美中接近;只是当苏联在边界冲突中的表现引起了尼克松政府对其战略意图怀疑时,美国政府才加快了启动对华缓和的进程．     

情感是如何制度化的?

制度化是基于正式规别而发展的一套稳定的社会互动模式。社会化和社会控制是有效的情感制度化机制。经济制度、婚姻家庭制度、教育制度、政治制度和文化制度,分别建构了“工作型”、“私人型”、“职业型”、“公共领域型”和“价值型”的制度性情感特征。情感制度化存在着不同的功能性要求,其失调有可能引发一些冲突。情感制度化的结构是否合理、功能是否积极、手段是否恰当是影响情感制度化带来冲突的主要因素。按照冲突论的观点,情感制度化带来的一个情感冲突恰恰是它压抑了应当引发冲突的情感,因而有可能成为一种阻碍社会变革的保守力量。     

文化震荡背景下大学生的信仰缺失与重建

在文化震荡背景下,多元文化冲突引发的价值观矛盾,文化认同危机引发的民族文化心理失衡,以及西方国家信仰危机引发的不确定状态和无意义感,必然会对涉世不深的大学生产生强烈的冲击,并进而导致其信仰缺失。在这种情况下,只有依据新的历史条件重建其价值体系,改善其认知方式和提高其应付能力,才能实现其信仰重建。     

‘Police On My Back’ and the postcolonial experience

‘Police On My Back’ was written in England by Eddy Grant and recorded by his group, The Equals, in 1967. Since then it has been covered by a number of artists. In this article I am concerned with the original and four covers. Over the 40 years between the Equals' version of the song and the final version with which I am concerned, the meaning of the lyrics has changed from being an expression of Jamaican rude boy culture to being a song that expresses the oppression of migrants from British and European colonies living in the metropoles of the colonisers. This article tracks the changes in musical and lyrical expression in the song against the increasingly oppressive circumstances of those migrants and their descendents. These are the circumstances that contributed to the British riots of 1981 and of 2011, and the French riots of 1981 and the many subsequent riots climaxing in those of 2005. ‘Police On My Back’ has always been hybrid. Grant's version placed rude boy lyrics with a British beat group sound. Later, as the lyrics came to reflect the circumstances of the migrants, so the musical backing came to include a variety of musical forms, many of which expressed the heritages of the performers and asserted the legitimacy of those heritages in a multicultural context.     

文明冲突文明对话文明交往——三种"文明观"的外交理念和实践及发展趋势

文明是决定和影响人类活动的基本因素。冷战结束后,特别是随着“文明冲突论”的提出,各种文明观的讨论逐渐演化成“文明学”的各种派系。从政治学、历史学和国际关系学的角度阐述了目前学术界关于“文明学”的三种基本观点及其代表人物和相互间的区别与联系,概述了在三种文明观影响下的外交理念和实践。     

文明冲突中的中国文明与人口--亨廷顿的文明冲突论及人口要素

"9.11"恐怖事件发生以后,美国著名学者塞缪尔·亨廷顿"文明冲突"的观点再次引起了国际社会和各国学者的广泛关注.亨廷顿关于文明、文化冲突的分析范式是值得我们认真关注的一个视角.在此视角下,本文讨论了文明冲突的本质以及中国文明的特质和作用;讨论了人口要素与文明兴衰之间的关系;本文最后指出,中国需要重新审视中国人口发展的长远战略.     

国际政治文化视角理论中文化的内涵及作用

冷战后,从文化视角考察国际问题在国际政治研究领域占据了显要的地位,文化冲突论、建构主义是这种文化视角理论的典型代表。该理论的核心概念文化与通常意义妁文化概念不同,有着特定的内涵,是国际社会行为主体即国家之间在社会实践的互动中形成的共有知识,即国际规范、国际制度、国际规则等。作为共有知识的文化,发挥着独特的作用。分析国际政治文化视角理论中文化的内涵及作用,对于尚在形成中的国际政治文化理论有着十分重要的意义。     

British Muslims and the UK government's ‘war on terror’ within: evidence of a clash of civilizations or emergent de‐civilizing processes?

In the immediate aftermath of the September 2001 attacks on America, defending civilization was quickly established at the core of the ‘war on terror’. Unintentionally or otherwise this incorporation of civilization connected with Samuel Huntington's ‘Clash of Civilizations’ thesis. Within the ‘war on terror’ the dark side of counterterrorism has become apparent through international practices like extrajudicial killing, extraordinary rendition and torture. The impact of Western governments' policies upon their indigenous Muslim populations has also been problematic but social and political analysis has been relatively limited. This paper seeks to help address the scarcity of sociological contributions. Hidden costs of the UK government's attempts to utilize violence and enhance social constraints within the nation‐state are identified. It is argued that although counterterrorism strategies are contributing to a self‐fulfilling spiral of hatred that could be considered evidence in support of the ‘Clash of Civilizations’, the thesis is unhelpful when trying to grasp the underlying processes. Instead the paper draws upon Norbert Elias's application of the concepts of ‘civilizing’ and ‘de‐civilizing’ to help improve levels of understanding about the processes and consequences of particular Muslim communities being targeted by security forces. The paper concludes with an exploration of the majority of the population's acquiescence and willingness to accept restraints upon Muslims in order to safeguard their own security.     

享廷顿“文明冲突论”四题

享廷顿基于冷战后时代国际政治局势的重大变化,提出了“文明冲突”的理论。他认为:文明将取代国家成为国际政治的行为主体;未来的世界冲突将主要是文明间的冲突,这是20世纪40年代坎南提出“遏制”思想之后又一最富争议的国际关系理论。本文从四个方面就“文明冲突论”给我们的启示、世界文明的分类,文明的冲突与融合,以及国际政治行为的主体问题谈了一点十分粗浅的看法。对“文明冲突论”确有深入研究的必要,以期构建我们的后冷战时期的国际政治理论。