D-efficient window experimental designs

In the paper we present a new method of calculating sampling intervals, so-called windows, allowing an experimenter some flexibility in timing the sample collection, while a minimum required design efficiency for parameter estimation is assured. The method is based on the Equivalence Theorem for D-optimality what makes the length of each window related to the parameter sensitivities. An example of calculating the windows in a pharmacokinetic study is presented. Some other methods of calculating efficient sampling windows are briefly discussed.     

Improved approaches to interval estimation of effective doses for a logistic dose-response curve

Asymptotic confidence (delta) intervals and intervals based upon the use of Fieller's theorem are alternative methods for constructing intervals for the <$>\gamma<$>% effective doses (ED<$>_\gamma<$>). Sitter and Wu (1993) provided a comparison of the two approaches for the ED<$>_{50}<$>, for the case in which a logistic dose response curve is assumed. They showed that the Fieller intervals are generally superior. In this paper, we introduce two new families of intervals, both of which include the delta and Fieller intervals as special cases. In addition we consider interval estimation of the ED<$>_{90}<$> as well as the ED<$>_{50}<$>. We provide a comparison of the various methods for the problem of constructing a confidence interval for the ED<$>_\gamma<$>.     

A surplus process involving a compound Poisson counting process and applications

Abstract

In this paper, we introduce a surplus process involving a compound Poisson counting process, which is a generalization of the classical ruin model where the claim-counting process is a homogeneous Poisson process. The incentive is to model batch arrival of claims using a counting process that is based on a compound distribution. This reduces the difficulty of modeling claim amounts and is consistent with industrial data. Recursive formula, some properties and relevant main ruin theory results are provided. Further, we consider applications involving zero-truncated negative binomial and zero-truncated binomial batch arrivals when the claim amounts follow exponential or Erlang distribution.     

关于含参变量无穷积分的绝对一致收敛的注记

本文从一个反例 ,证明了即使∫∞af(x ,t)dt绝对收敛且一致收敛 ,但不能推出∫∞a |f(x ,t) |dt一致收敛。     

On the coase theorem and coalitional stability: the principle of equal relative concession

The Coase theorem is argued to be incompatible with bargaining set stability due to a tension between the grand coalition and sub-coalitions. We provide a counter-intuitive argument to demonstrate that the Coase theorem may be in complete consonance with bargaining set stability. We establish that an uncertainty concerning the formation of sub-coalitions will explain such compatibility: each agent fears that others may `gang up' against him and this fear forces the agents to negotiate. The grand coalition emerges from the negotiations if each agent uses the principle of equal relative sacrifice to determine the actual allocation. We also establish the rational basis for the choice of the principle of equal relative concession by the negotiating agents. Hence we argue that the Coase theorem will be valid even if there are stable sub-coalitions.     

松花江水污染事件与流域生态补偿的制度构建

通过对松花江水污染事件的反省,探讨我国流域生态补偿制度的构建问题。认为水污染事件背后是分处松花江上下游的吉林和黑龙江两省之间基于“相互性”而长期存在的利益冲突,构建流域生态补偿的法律制度是化解矛盾的主要方法。流域生态补偿法律制度的框架包括补偿主体与受偿主体、补偿资金的筹集、流域生态补偿管理机构以及补偿资金的支付等内容。     

科斯定理与国家理论——权力、可信承诺与政治企业家

权力与可信承诺是国家理论的核心问题。引入权力因素导致科斯定理不再成立:在交易成本为零时,权力的不可转让性消除了趋向最优谈判的压力;而有限承诺加大了谈判结果偏离帕累托最优效率的程度。因此,为了有助于理解经济增长和制度变迁的国家理论,需要分析那些拥有权力的个体的行为。这些人包括专制国家中的君主以及民主国家中的政治家和官僚等。在经济增长和制度变迁过程中,他们中的一些人扮演着政治企业家的角色,发挥着关键行动者和“第一行动集团”的作用。权力和可信承诺是政治企业家理论的重要构成要素,对于把握政治企业家和制度变迁的关系具有重要意义。     

Maximal Invariant and Weakly Equivariant Estimators

Equivariant functions can be useful for constructing of maximal invariant statistic. In this article, we discuss construction of maximal invariants based on a given weakly equivariant function under some additional conditions. The theory easily extends to the case of two or more weakly equivariant functions. Also, we derive a maximal invariant statistic when the group contains a sharply transitive and a characteristic subgroup. Finally, we consider the independence of invariant and weakly equivariant functions under some special conditions.     

Central Limit Theorem approximations for the number of runs in Markov-dependent binary sequences

We consider Markov-dependent binary sequences and study various types of success runs (overlapping, non-overlapping, exact, etc.) by examining additive functionals based on state visits and transitions in an appropriate Markov chain. We establish a multivariate Central Limit Theorem for the number of these types of runs and obtain its covariance matrix by means of the recurrent potential matrix of the Markov chain. Explicit expressions for the covariance matrix are given in the Bernoulli and a simple Markov-dependent case by expressing the recurrent potential matrix in terms of the stationary distribution and the mean transition times in the chain. We also obtain a multivariate Central Limit Theorem for the joint number of non-overlapping runs of various sizes and give its covariance matrix in explicit form for Markov dependent trials.     

高斯定理的理解与应用

文章论述了高斯定理源于库仑定律，依赖于场强叠加原理，场强通量与场线通量均遵从高斯定理；高斯面上的场强是其内外所考虑的电荷产生的合场强；构建体系高斯面，局部高斯面求解场强问题。