茂名海洋可持续开发法律问题研究

《广东茂名滨海新区总体规划》的通过，标志着寄托茂名未来梦想的滨海新区的建设蓝图已然绘就。茂名滨海新区建设过程中，海洋资源处于核心地位。海洋资源的可持续开发将是茂名打造未来世界级石化产业基地的保障。海洋资源的可持续开发利用离不开政策与法律的维系与支持。文章重点分析了茂名滨海新区海洋资源可持续开发过程存在的法律问题及其法律对策。     

Social perception of natural risks by local residents in developing countries—The example of the coastal area of Benin

Risk management and planning activities cannot be sustainably and efficiently implemented unless being based on a participative approach resulting from the problem consciousness and perception of the local inhabitants. This requires that the measures linked to problem perception and assessment by local stakeholders, above all by the population affected, are known. This investigation conducted in the flat Beninese coastal lagoon areas aims to assess the local inhabitants’ risk perception. The results are the following: (i) the stakeholders have group-specific ways of risk perception (according to ethnicity, social group, age); (ii) every risk management strategy should be based on the group-specific ways of risk perception and assessment; (iii) the acceptance of a given risk management strategy including interactive ways of participation can be advanced through education, dissemination of risk information as well as through communication between stakeholders.     

Analyzing Evacuation Versus Shelter‐in‐Place Strategies After a Terrorist Nuclear Detonation

We superimpose a radiation fallout model onto a traffic flow model to assess the evacuation versus shelter‐in‐place decisions after the daytime ground‐level detonation of a 10‐kt improvised nuclear device in Washington, DC. In our model, ≈80k people are killed by the prompt effects of blast, burn, and radiation. Of the ≈360k survivors without access to a vehicle, 42.6k would die if they immediately self‐evacuated on foot. Sheltering above ground would save several thousand of these lives and sheltering in a basement (or near the middle of a large building) would save of them. Among survivors of the prompt effects with access to a vehicle, the number of deaths depends on the fraction of people who shelter in a basement rather than self‐evacuate in their vehicle: 23.1k people die if 90% shelter in a basement and 54.6k die if 10% shelter. Sheltering above ground saves approximately half as many lives as sheltering in a basement. The details related to delayed (i.e., organized) evacuation, search and rescue, decontamination, and situational awareness (via, e.g., telecommunications) have very little impact on the number of casualties. Although antibiotics and transfusion support have the potential to save ≈10k lives (and the number of lives saved from medical care increases with the fraction of people who shelter in basements), the logistical challenge appears to be well beyond current response capabilities. Taken together, our results suggest that the government should initiate an aggressive outreach program to educate citizens and the private sector about the importance of sheltering in place in a basement for at least 12 hours after a terrorist nuclear detonation.     

辽宁提升对外开放文化软实力途径

辽宁沿海经济带发展战略使辽宁面临对外开放的新机遇和新挑战。全球化进程使发达国家的意识形态和价值观念依靠其经济强势向全球辐射,这就使发展中国家的核心价值观树立问题成为当务之急,并成为提升国家文化软实力的根本着力点。辽宁对外开放必须树立社会主义核心价值观来抵制西方发达国家的精神统治,提升辽宁地区的文化软实力。依据辽宁地区特有的历史文化、经济发展与时代机遇,繁荣哲学社会科学研究平台,提升社会主义核心价值观的自我发展和更新能力,有力抵制对外开放过程中各种错误和腐朽思想的影响。建设多层次、立体化传播网络平台,不断增强党的思想理论工作的创造力、说服力和感召力,以健全的社会运行机制调控平台,树立社会主义核心价值观,全面打造良好的开放环境,实现对社会矛盾和冲突的有效控制和化解,使社会主义核心价值观在辽宁社会生活的各个层面发挥主导作用。树立时代典型学习平台,切实把社会主义核心价值观教育融入国民教育和精神文明建设全过程,使社会主义价值观在辽宁的文化领域和意识形态领域中发挥引导作用。     

沿海开发战略背景下青年创业就业问题新探

新空间的战略机遇、新平台的政策机遇、新产业的链节机遇以及新环境的开发机遇,是沿海大开发给青年创业带来的重要机遇,以青年创业促进就业,需要以青年创业激活人们就业的信心,以青年创业打造更多的就业岗位,以青年创业拉伸拓展就业的平台,以青年创业开发培训就业的基地,以青年创业促动＂先就业再创业＂的良性运行机制。     

提升沿海地区城市竞争力的研究——以江苏省盐城市为例

选取12大类,44项指标,运用R型因子分析法对江苏省13个城市的经济竞争力、社会竞争力、人居环境竞争力进行计算,在此基础上得出各城市的综合竞争力。统计结果表明：盐城市的各项竞争力指数均在75以下,位于第三等级,与苏中、苏南各市差距明显。对如何提升盐城综合竞争力进行了思考,并提出东扩南融的发展思路。     

资源约束下海洋沿岸地区经济可持续发展评价研究

在资源约束下为实现海洋沿岸地区的生态平衡和资源的永续利用,研究海洋沿岸地区经济可持续发展至关重要。海洋沿岸地区经济可持续发展评价指标体系的筛选和构建,以及评价方法的选择本身就是海洋沿岸地区经济可持续发展理论研究的重要内容之一。在参考国内外可持续发展研究成果的基础上,结合海洋沿岸地区的实际情况及数据资料的可获得性,利用系统科学的理论和方法,结合海洋沿岸地区的区域特色,构建海洋沿岸地区经济可持续发展的评价指标体系。以该指标体系为基础,建立海洋沿岸地区经济可持续发展评价的多维灰色关联评价模型,为进一步探讨海洋沿岸地区资源的可持续利用及区域的社会经济可持续发展模式奠定基础,为海洋沿岸地区经济可持续发展的决策、管理和调控提供重要依据。     

Agreement on water and a watered-down agreement: The political ecology of contested coastal development in Down East, North Carolina

In 2006, land use planning emerged as a contested issue in the rural area known as ‘Down East’, Carteret County, in eastern North Carolina, USA. Down East is experiencing a transition from a commercial fishing to an amenity economy and concerns about related changes led to the formation of ‘Down East Tomorrow’ (DET), a grassroots group that proposed a one-year development moratorium in order to facilitate a community planning process. In this paper, we use political ecology to examine the fate of the moratorium as reflected in the public written record, primarily minutes of meetings of the Carteret County Board of Commissioners. We illustrate how issues of community, science, and governance were linked to an increasing focus on coastal water quality in the debate, and argue that this focus facilitated a switch by the Board from considering a development moratorium to adopting a conservation ordinance, one that fell short of addressing DET’s concerns. This outcome illustrates the power of formal political institutions in ’First World’ environmental conflicts and the difficulties of reconciling competing values associated with land use in areas of transition, especially where historical resistance to planning has been the norm.     

An Integrated Scenario Ensemble-Based Framework for Hurricane Evacuation Modeling: Part 1—Decision Support System

This article introduces a new integrated scenario-based evacuation (ISE) framework to support hurricane evacuation decision making. It explicitly captures the dynamics, uncertainty, and human–natural system interactions that are fundamental to the challenge of hurricane evacuation, but have not been fully captured in previous formal evacuation models. The hazard is represented with an ensemble of probabilistic scenarios, population behavior with a dynamic decision model, and traffic with a dynamic user equilibrium model. The components are integrated in a multistage stochastic programming model that minimizes risk and travel times to provide a tree of evacuation order recommendations and an evaluation of the risk and travel time performance for that solution. The ISE framework recommendations offer an advance in the state of the art because they: (1) are based on an integrated hazard assessment (designed to ultimately include inland flooding), (2) explicitly balance the sometimes competing objectives of minimizing risk and minimizing travel time, (3) offer a well-hedged solution that is robust under the range of ways the hurricane might evolve, and (4) leverage the substantial value of increasing information (or decreasing degree of uncertainty) over the course of a hurricane event. A case study for Hurricane Isabel (2003) in eastern North Carolina is presented to demonstrate how the framework is applied, the type of results it can provide, and how it compares to available methods of a single scenario deterministic analysis and a two-stage stochastic program.     

南宋沿海制置司考

南宋高宗绍兴二年(1132),为防御金人从海上偷袭,设立了沿海制置司.沿海制置司最初只有一个官署,其后分为浙东沿海制置司和浙西沿海制置司,分别驻在平江府许浦镇和明州定海县,两司废置不常,最后只有浙东沿海制置司保留了下来.沿海制置使例由所在地守令兼,其日常工作由副使负责,因其军事性质,副使通常为武职担任.沿海制置司掌握了数量可观的军事力量,本来是一个纯粹的军事部门,但在其发展过程中,民政的色彩越来越浓.