基于设计的幼儿园STEM教学模式构建研究

多方面的研究表明,尽早开始实施STEM教育,可以有效地提升幼儿的综合素质,促进幼儿的全面发展。高质量的课程与教学是推动学前STEM教育发展的关键,也是当前研究存在的不足之处。采用基于设计的研究方法,通过原型构建和三轮迭代优化的过程,形成了基于工程设计过程的幼儿园STEM教学模式（ED-ES模式）。研究结果显示,ED-ES模式充分体现了幼儿园STEM课程的各项核心要素,有助于促进幼儿问题解决能力、创造力和学习品质等多方面能力素养的发展。     

基于DBR管理模式的货币政策传导效率分析

本文首先通过数据分析了当前我国处于转轨时期的货币政策传导效率,然后借助来源于行军模型的DBR管理模式对货币政策的整个传导过程的各个环节进行了较为全面的分析研究,强调了瓶颈环节的重要作用,提出了对瓶颈的缓冲机制和对整个传导过程的控制机制,从而希望能够最大限度地提高货币政策的传导效率.     

Design and implementation of a Drum-Buffer-Rope pull-system

Purpose: This paper investigates the selection, design and implementation of a Drum-Buffer-Rope (DBR) type of production pull-system in a panel fabrication plant characterised by extensive shared, batch resource resources within a low volume UK manufacturer of large vehicles. This was the second of a series of two related research projects conducted under the aegis of a Lean initiative at this case firm.

Design/methodology/approach: A purposively selected longitudinal case study conducted over 24?months and organised around a two phase research design. The initial body of evidence included a detailed map constructed by a project team of eight managers and accountants during a two day structured workshop; numerous unstructured interviews and observation of shop floor practices; document and archival analysis, and 140 photographs of the focal operation. Supplemented by extensive financial and operational data extracted from the firm’s accounting and MRP systems, including all data necessary to construct and implement bespoke capacity planning, work in progress (WIP) monitoring and simulation modelling tools. The case firm is anonymised.

Findings: The Lean manufacturing literature ignores the real-world issue of shared resources, and this gap is attributable to the concept of ‘rightsizing’ tools and equipment that is widely promoted within the Lean community. The case panel plant is characterised by extensive shared resources; many of which are also batch processes. The most appropriate pull-system method for this production environment is DBR. The detailed design of the DBR mechanism required a controlled transfer buffer of overhead conveyance capacity after the Drum because the extent of downstream process variability risked it being unable to offload panels, hence compromising throughput.

Research limitations/implications: The study is based upon a single case. This consequently has implications for the ability to generalise from the results.

Practical Implications: When the DBR pull-system design was implemented it reduced the number of panels in WIP by 60%. This equated to a 56% (18?days worth) reduction of manufacturing lead time and more than doubled the plant’s inventory turns (from 9.1 to 21.2). It also significantly improved delivery schedule adherence, with downstream jig stoppages in the Final Assembly falling from an average of six to less than one per week. The financial benefit was independently audited to equate to an annualised value of $850?K. Consequently, this project was awarded the first prize at its parent enterprise’s annual worldwide process improvement competition.

Originality/value: This paper details a novel technique that permits the routings of multiple value streams to be mapped and is useful for highlighting the identity and location of shared resources. It also contributes significantly to the literature that is available on the relationship between the Lean paradigm and the management of shared production resources, and adds to the literature on the detailed design and implementation of a DBR pull-system in a jobbing-type of environment.     

DBR技术中确定缓冲大小的模型

DBR生产计划与控制技术是制约因素理论(TOC)应用于企业生产系统管理的具体工具。DBR技术中缓冲保护大小的确定将直接影响产品的出产提前期和企业的有效产出,从而最终将直接影响产品的市场竞争力。本文对缓冲保护设置及其大小的确定作了详细的研究,建立了相应的数学模型。     

DBR法与协同生产原理

借助行军拉练的启示,揭示了DBR法的管理思想及其“协同生产”的DBR元素,对协同生产原理作了较全面的研究。认为这样一种管理思路和方法非常适合我国企业管理工作。     

Improving labour relations performance using a Simplified Drum Buffer Rope (S-DBR) technique

The purpose of this research is to describe an implementation of Simplified Drum Buffer Rope (S-DBR), a scheduling methodology under Theory of Constraints, in service operations of a US military base. In doing so, this research contributes in two ways. For practitioners, this research is the first to show how S-DBR methodology can be utilised to improve the performance of labour relations. For academicians, this research is one of only a few to address the how questions of S-DBR use in a service context.     

The effect of the drum-buffer-rope (DBR) approach on the performance of a synchronous manufacturing system (SMS)

The main objective of any manufacturing system is to organize the resources in a shop floor for effective transformation of raw materials into finished products. Synchronous manufacturing (SM) is a manufacturing management philosophy that has a set of principles, procedures and techniques where every action is evaluated in terms of a common global goal of the organization (Seetharama et al., 1997, Production Planning and Inventory Control). A manufacturing system that adopts the above principle is called as synchronous manufacturing system (SMS). In order for a manufacturing plant to achieve the benefits of a synchronous operation, a logistical manufacturing (SM) is a manufacturing management philosophy that has a set of principles, procedures and techniques where every action is evaluated in terms of a common global control system that is manageable and results in predictable performance is required. The drum-buffer-rope (DBR) approach, which is a generalized system, satisfies the above requirements through computer simulation. This paper focuses on the effect of DBR principles on the performance of a synchronous manufacturing system. A case study has been taken up in a small-scale industry and analysis has been carried out on the effect of the DBR approach on the performance of the system. This work has been performed on an IBM/PC compatible system using the promodel software and C language.     

DBR管理模式的生产计划与控制机制探讨

本文首先借助行军拉练的启识揭示了DBR管理模式的管理思想及其“协同生产”特点,进而对DB R管理模式计划控制机制的三个有机组成部分作了较全面的研究。作者认为,这样一种管理思路和方法非常适合我国企业管理工作。