"寻根文学"的精神谱系与现代视野

寻根文学之于新时期文学的意义是巨大而深远的,它既是伤痕文学、反思文学的自然延伸,也是文学现代性生成的阶段体现;既是中国传统文化的再发现,也是启蒙话语的重新续接。虽然它的文化内涵和审关属性与其寻根宗旨存在偏离,但置于现代性视野中看,它是有着自身特殊的精神谱系和文学史价值。     

Age embodied

In this essay, I argue that social scientists might usefully theorize age and embodiment as mutually constituting accomplishments. Material from interviews with 15 adults over 50 illustrates the utility of this theoretical framework and reveals four main dimensions of embodiment—activity, fitness, and health; energy; appearance; and ailments and illness—that respondents draw on as they consider what it means to be both embodied and aged (i.e., having an age). In addition, the interviews show how respondents make social comparisons and employ age-adjusted standards as they interpret their bodies, activities, and capabilities in relation to age.     

新时代推进大中小学劳动教育的三重维度

劳动教育肩负着培养德智体美劳全面发展的社会主义建设者和接班人的重要任务,因此,新时代推进大中小学劳动教育是青少年学生全面发展的客观需要。新时代推进大中小学劳动教育需要从时代性、规律性、创造性三重维度着手,把握新时代大中小学劳动教育的时代特征,遵循新时代大中小学劳动教育的内在规律,激发新时代大中小学劳动教育的内生动力。     

Culture and leadership: women in nonprofit and for-profit leadership positions within the European Union

Research has shown that women commonly hold positions of leadership within nonprofit organizations, while men typically hold the leadership positions within for-profit organizations. However, little research on women's leadership roles has been conducted within European Union countries. The purpose of this article is to examine women's leadership positions within nonprofit and for-profit organizations within the European Union and, using Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions Theory, to further investigate a potential correlation between national culture and female leadership. Fifty-one companies were examined based on type, country characteristics and gender dominance. A significant difference was found between organization type (nonprofit/for-profit) and organizational dominance (masculine/feminine). The findings suggest that the European Union has patterns of gendered leadership positions similar to patterns found previously in the USA. However, countries that were characterized as feminine had more than expected nonprofit organizations, while masculine countries had more for-profit organizations.     

论城市空间公平及其基本维度

空间原本就与人、权利与资本紧密联系在一起。城市空间格局的公平是现代社会文明与进步的标志。自20世纪中后期以来,城市公共空间公平的研究就逐渐引起了各领域学者的广泛关注。本文以系统论观点和学科交叉为研究思路,尝试着从城市公平与人格属性的一致性、城市空间公平与政治公平的关联性、城市空间公平与市场调控的平衡性,以及城市空间公平与空间规划的对应性等四个维度来解析城市公平的基本内涵,并以新加坡为例,以期能为我国城市空间公平研究提供一些理论借鉴与启示。     

Is poverty multidimensional? A comparison of income and asset based measures in five Southern African countries.

This paper contests the major emphasis placed on the multidimensional nature of poverty measurement. Instead, it argues that poverty pictures created by different measures and at different units of analysis tend to converge. This argument is derived from a comparison of poverty pictures created using income and asset-based measures at the national and household level in five South African Development Community countries. Although multidimensional measures have value in illuminating subtle differences, the findings indicate a single dimension of poverty that runs throughout all the measures and levels of analysis. However, despite the single poverty picture provided by different measures, the abandonment of these different measures is not supported. Multidimensional measures provide insight into particular elements of poverty that is useful and relevant to poverty interventions.     

公务员公共服务动机维度差异的本土化分析——基于福建的调查

文章借鉴西方公共服务动机的理论和测量方法,设计了基于中国情境下的公务员公共服务动机测量量表,并运用探索性因子分析的方法发现"渴望参与政策制定"、"公共利益承诺"、"自我牺牲精神"、"民主治理意识"四个维度的存在以及"同情心"维度的缺失,同时分析了公共服务动机在不同个人或组织背景特征下的差异,初步探讨了公共服务动机可能的影响因素。     

Gate‐keeping for professional social work practice

The profession of social work has difficulty terminating students for non‐academic reasons because of an inability to define suitability for the profession and to formulate concrete criteria. Although discerning who is, or is not, personally suitable to practice social work is bound to be challenging, there is a growing realization that this task must be undertaken. This study was undertaken in response to this challenge, and seeks to increase our knowledge base about the personal and professional dimensions of social work, which result in suitable and unsuitable practices among social work students and practicing professional social workers. This article examines data gathered on the subject of professional suitability from a focus group and a series of individual interviews with social work field instructors. The authors attempt to broaden our understanding of personal suitability for the practice of social work and to achieve greater operational specificity to guide decision making for social work educators, as social work educators ultimately must make the critical decision about who should be admitted to the social work profession. It is hoped that this study can serve as a building block for further research. It seems clear that the choices to be explored must meet our obligation to society in general, to social work employers, and especially to clients.     

THE SOCIAL GEOGRAPHY OF GENDER-SWITCHING IN VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS ON THE INTERNET

The virtual social worlds of the internet give people unparalleled control over the construction and presentation of their identities. Gender-switching is perhaps the most dramatic example of how people exercise this control. It occurs when people present a gender that is different from their biological sex. While gender-switching figures prominently in academic commentaries and popular writings about on-line social life, there is little systematic research on the phenomenon. On-line surveys of two stratified random samples (N's=233 and 202) of MOO users were conducted. The majority of participants (60 per cent) in social MOOs (popular text-based internet social venues) had never engaged in gender-switching, while the majority in role-playing MOOs were either gender-switching currently (40 per cent) or had done so in the past (16.7 per cent). More than half of those who currently gender-switched did so for less than 10 per cent of their time on-line. In spite of the freedom to use indeterminate or even plural gender identities, most participants who switched genders (78.7 per cent) did so within traditional binary conventions (male to female, female to male). The primary reason for gender-switching was the desire to play roles of people different from one's self. The primary barrier to gender-switching was the belief that it is dishonest and manipulative. Attitudes toward gender-switching and on-line participation were better predictors of gender-switching than personal background demographics or personality measures. The images of gender-switching that emerge from this first systematic study of the phenomenon are considerably more benign than that usually portrayed in the literature. Gender-switching appears to be practised by a minority of MOO users for a small percentage of their time on-line. Gender-switching within MOOs of all kinds might best be understood as an experimental behaviour rather than as an enduring expression of sexuality, personality, or gender politics.     

The learning organization and its dimensions as key factors in firms' performance

Managerial responses to the Dimensions of the Learning Organization Questionnaire^© together with both perceptual and objective measures of firms' financial performance were analysed. Multiple regression equations were developed to examine the relationship between overall learning organization score and the performance variables return on investment (ROI), return on equity (ROE), earnings per share (EPS), net income per employee and percentage of sales from new products. The results of the study suggest that there is a positive relationship between learning organization behaviours and business performance.