东汉末年的“求真”思潮

东汉末年社会上产生了一股强大的“求真”思潮,在理想与现实、真理与谬误、虚妄与真实等多方面的矛盾与对立中寻找出路,构成了东汉思想的主要趋向。“求真”思潮的产生有多方面的原因,同时其表现形式也是多方面的,其产生的后果也是多方面的,其中之一就是儒家思想自身的修正与道家思想的兴起。     

东汉庄园的兴起及其文化意蕴

西汉以自耕农为主体的经济结构到东汉以庄园为主体经济结构的转变 ,客观上形成了汉晋之际社会思潮变迁的重要依托。作为新兴的相对独立的社会经济单位 ,东汉庄园对士大夫的精神世界产生了重要影响。不仅使一部分士人从原有的大一统思想和依附地位中剥离出来 ,而且发展出了较为独立的群体性格、个体人格、思维方式和兴趣取向     

叶芝诗歌创作中的东方神秘主义

叶芝诗歌以东方神秘主义的象征著称于世。玫瑰、狮身人面怪、天鹅和螺旋是叶芝诗歌中具有凸现主题意义的意象。其来源有二 ,对《旧约圣经》抒情诗风格的继承是叶芝诗歌抒情性的直接来源 ,东方神秘主义思想指导下的对中国和日本诗歌的模仿学习是叶芝诗歌抒情性的间接来源     

东西方文化对服饰的不同影响

本文概要介绍了东西方文化的特点,并阐述了东西方文化对服饰的色彩、外形、图案、结构、装饰等方面产生的影响。     

Program analysis using the client oriented cost outcome system.

The client oriented cost outcome system has been under development in Pennsylvania community and hospital programs since 1972. The system builds upon the behavioral and decision data generated with or on behalf of consumers. Flexibility for local program system design is permitted if the procedures of consumer intake, review, and termination document each consumer's (a) problems, resources, and goals, (b) overall functioning level in their ordinary community, and (c) services intended and rendered as related to (a), above. While the system's primary application is in providing feedback for local program quality assurance and evaluation procedures, aggregation of data permits program planning and evaluation at county, state, and federal levels in terms of (a) client demographic or diagnostic characteristics, and (b) program service characteristics and objectives.     

恐怖主义犯罪预防对策研究

鉴于恐怖主义犯罪的严重危害性及鲜明的政治色彩,如何切实有效地防范与惩治恐怖主义犯罪已成为我国当前社会关注的焦点问题。对恐怖主义犯罪要综合运用政治、法律、宗教、民族等各种社会政策与法律政策,健全和完善反恐预防体系,标本兼治、打防结合,才是彻底根除或者至少是有效遏制或减少恐怖主义犯罪的有效手段。     

宗教信仰与现实国际冲突和斗争述评

宗教信仰是人类文明的一种重要现象。它深深扎根于民间,又对人类的社会生活产生了巨大影响。在当今世界上,国家与国家、民族与民族、部落与部落、社团与社团之间所产生的冲突和斗争,几乎都可以直接或间接找到宗教信仰方面的因素。因此,宗教信仰是人类社会的重大问题之一,是考验各级负责人政绩十分重要的试金石。     

Cross‐Milieu Terrorist Collaboration: Using Game Theory to Assess the Risk of a Novel Threat

This article uses a game‐theoretic approach to analyze the risk of cross‐milieu terrorist collaboration—the possibility that, despite marked ideological differences, extremist groups from very different milieus might align to a degree where operational collaboration against Western societies becomes possible. Based upon theoretical insights drawn from a variety of literatures, a bargaining model is constructed that reflects the various benefits and costs for terrorists’ collaboration across ideological milieus. Analyzed in both sequential and simultaneous decision‐making contexts and through numerical simulations, the model confirms several theoretical arguments. The most important of these is that although likely to be quite rare, successful collaboration across terrorist milieus is indeed feasible in certain circumstances. The model also highlights several structural elements that might play a larger role than previously recognized in the collaboration decision, including that the prospect of nonmaterial gains (amplification of terror and reputational boost) plays at least as important a role in the decision to collaborate as potential increased capabilities does. Numerical simulation further suggests that prospects for successful collaboration over most scenarios (including operational) increase when a large, effective Islamist terrorist organization initiates collaboration with a smaller right‐wing group, as compared with the other scenarios considered. Although the small number of historical cases precludes robust statistical validation, the simulation results are supported by existing empirical evidence of collaboration between Islamists and right‐ or left‐wing extremists. The game‐theoretic approach, therefore, provides guidance regarding the circumstances under which such an unholy alliance of violent actors is likely to succeed.     

A call for more elaborate and transparent pension data to inform policy‐making: A critical examination of World Bank data for Eastern Europe

This article offers a critical analysis of the methods by means of which data relating to the performance of second pillar pension schemes are collated, compared and reported. This is done with regard to the performance of mandatory private second pillar pension funds in Eastern Europe. By critically examining data published in a number of World Bank studies, and through the identification of data problems and irregularities, the article argues that a much more elaborate and transparent approach to the collation, comparative analysis and reporting of data is needed. Required is the establishment of a consensus regarding what should represent a robust basis for making credible policy recommendations, not least with regard to pension re‐reforms in the countries of Eastern Europe and elsewhere. In the absence of such a consensus, unresolved data problems and irregularities may potentially continue to influence the formulation of incomplete national policy conclusions regarding the performance of second pillar pension funds and, in turn, the ability of policy‐makers to evaluate appropriately the need for, and assess the feasibility of implementing in a sustainable manner, pension re‐reform.     

墓券与东汉民众的生死观念

东汉时期的世俗民众没有认识到人终有一死的本质特性,反而抗拒死亡,渴求长寿永生。当年寿久长的愿望破灭时,他们又深信异象生命自然会在幽界冥府绵延不绝。不过生者却刻意疏远逝者,直接把殁亡人遣送到彼岸世界,希求幽鬼永居墓穴,接受冥府行政官僚体制和宗族观念的管制和束缚,按照世人的要求和期望去经历冥府生活。