Analysing non-doctrinal socialization: re-assessing the role of cognition to account for social cohesion in the Religious Society of Friends

To incorporate newcomers into membership, a group employs socialization strategies to transform the characteristics of the newcomers, so that it can admit them with the confidence that their behaviour will not endanger group unity. Analyses of socialization emphasize that novices' interiorization of an institutional definition of group behaviour is a necessary condition to ensure successful socialization. The contemporary Religious Society of Friends in Britain, however, is a non-doctrinal religious movement that avoids defining the content of its beliefs and practices. To analyse the socializing interaction between members and newcomers in this movement in Britain, and among co-religionists in the USA, this inquiry applies a model of socialization that does not include assumptions about the role played by cognition in socialization (Long and Hadden 1983). My results show that: (a) the diffuseness in Friends' collective explanations of institutional conduct supports novices' identification with institutional practice, and (b) experimental and affective components in socialization motivate novices to imitate institutional behaviour despite the fact that Friends have no authoritative explanations of such behaviour. The data suggest that socialization and social cohesion are not necessarily as strongly cognitive-oriented phenomena as they were previously thought to be. This finding has important implications for thinking about social cohesion in postmodern society.     

College-bound friends and college application choices: Heterogeneous effects for Latino and White students

Friends are among the most influential social forces affecting adolescent behavior, yet little work has focused on the influence of friends on the decision to apply to college. Using data from the senior cohort of the Texas Higher Education Opportunity Project, we employed propensity score matching with sensitivity analyses to investigate links between having college-oriented friends and applying to college. We found that college-oriented friends increased the likelihood of applying to any college and to 4-year colleges, both for White and Latino students. However, Latino students benefited less from college-oriented friends compared to White students. Our findings suggest that college-choice models should more directly account for the influence of friends in applying to college, taking account of racial and ethnic differences, and future research should explore why Latino students benefit less.     

译谐译趣：英语情景喜剧中双关语字幕翻译

双关语是英语情景喜剧中较为常见的修辞手段,其幽默效果有助于话语生动活泼,从而产生语言谐趣。但发音或词义方面的对应空缺以及英汉文化之间的巨大差异,使双关语的汉译成为情景喜剧字幕翻译的一个难点。为了让中国观众领略到双关语独特的语言魅力,译者应在认可双关语可译的基础上,分析探讨双关语汉译的目的和指导原则,并总结行之有效的翻译方法。近年来流行的情景喜剧经典之作《老友记》为译者进行相关研究提供了有益的借鉴。     

语料库数据驱动下的程式语与协商系统研究

程式语是指日常使用的套话以及多少具备相对固定的句法和语篇结构的口头或书面话语。它以其整体性、易于提取性不但成为实现概念意义的重要方式,而且也成为实现协商意义的主要潜势。从语篇语义视角看,人际意义通过协商系统实现,协商系统通过言语功能系统实现,言语功能系统又通过语气系统实现,语气系统最终由程式语和非程式语实现。那么,程式语在语气系统中通过什么样的结构实现协商系统中的言语功能,这一话题迄今还鲜有研究者对其进行全面的探究。因此,以系统功能语言学相关理论为依据,以语料库数据驱动为研究方法,以情景喜剧《老友记》为语料。研究发现,不同的具有一定结构的程式语分别实现信息与物品和服务的交换,从而不但实现了言语功能,也完成了意义的协商。     

Kinship care for children in the UK: messages from research,lessons for policy and practice1

This article presents a comprehensive overview of kinship care, or as it is also known, family and friends care, paying particular attention to the UK child welfare, legal, policy/practice contexts. The aim of the article is to raise awareness, and provide information, about a hitherto largely invisible, yet expanding placement option being widely used in child welfare systems in the UK, in Europe and elsewhere. The article places kinship care within a UK and European child welfare legal context, including the European Convention on Human Rights 1998 [Articles 8 and 14] and European kinship care developments are also highlighted. It contains the main findings of a kinship care research study conducted by the author, based on interviews with children and young people living with kinship carers, as well as with the kinship carers. Following an examination of theoretical and policy issues, the article examines ways forward for developing and supporting kinship care. In the final section, and based on the research findings and literature review, a new paradigm for child welfare is introduced. It is argued that this new paradigm is necessary in order for kinship care practice and policy to develop within a supported and sustainable family support framework.     

Dynamics of adolescent friendship networks and smoking behavior

The mutual influence of smoking behavior and friendships in adolescence is studied. It is attempted to disentangle influence and selection processes in reciprocal and non-reciprocal friendships. An actor-based model is described for the co-evolution of friendship networks and smoking behavior. This model considers alternative selection and influence mechanisms, and models continuous-time changes in network and behavior. The data consists of a longitudinal sample of 1326 Finnish adolescents in 11 high schools. Findings suggest that selection as well as influence processes play an important role in adolescent smoking behavior. Selection had a relatively stronger role than influence, in particular when selecting non-reciprocal friends. The strength of both influence and selection processes decreased over time.     

译谐译趣:英语情景喜剧中双关语字幕翻译

双关语是英语情景喜剧中较为常见的修辞手段,其幽默效果有助于话语生动活泼,从而产生语言谐趣。但发音或词义方面的对应空缺以及英汉文化之间的巨大差异,使双关语的汉译成为情景喜剧字幕翻译的一个难点。为了让中国观众领略到双关语独特的语言魅力,译者应在认可双关语可译的基础上,分析探讨双关语汉译的目的和指导原则,并总结行之有效的翻译方法。近年来流行的情景喜剧经典之作《老友记》为译者进行相关研究提供了有益的借鉴。     

Advanced Networked Technologies in the U.K. Voluntary Sector

Advanced networked technologies have the potential to support deep strategic and operational transformation within voluntary organizations as they seek to respond to shifts in the social, economic, and political spheres in which they operate. Evidence form our study of U.K. voluntary organizations demonstrates relatively low uptake of the core networking technologies and applications essential to support such transformation. Friends of the Earth and The Samaritans are exceptions to this trend. Case studies of these organizations demonstrate that they are using advanced networked technologies to reconfigure key information flows and relationships, in support of enhanced campaigning and more effective user services. The extent to which these organizations are able to exploit the transformational potential that the technologies present is tempered by historically institutionalized relationships and values by which they are characterized.     

从《老友记》与《爱情公寓》看文化输出

情景喜剧源自美国,智慧幽默的对白、轻松机智的剧情都让情景喜剧在全世界范围内广为流传并有庞大的受众群体。电视剧亦是一种文化表达,电视剧走出国门走向世界,带去的不仅是幽默搞笑,更多的应该是文化内涵,因此在世界文化交流中扮演文化使者角色。     

文人的自我疗救——从《聊斋志异》情爱故事看蒲松龄的创作心理

蒲松龄的孤愤之作《聊斋志异》中 ,有近 1 /4的篇章描写青年男女的情爱、婚恋。这些情爱婚恋故事中一个重要的主题就是对知己之情的渴盼和礼赞 ,这是作者屡遭生活蹉跎 ,屡受人生磨难 ,期盼自身价值得以确认的穷而后幻的自我疗救