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Amal Kanti Ray 《Social indicators research》2008,87(3):409-425
The economic reforms initiated in India in 1991 have brought about visible upliftment of economic conditions of the country.
This paper examines if the economic process is associated with an enhancement of India’s social development in equal measure
in the reform decade of nineties. Ray (1989) considered thirteen social indicators of India and constructed the country’s
social development index (SDI) as a certain weighted average of the selected indicators, for the years between 1950–51 and
1975–76. The present work broadly follows Ray (1989) in tracking the social development in the decade of economic reforms from 1990–91 to 1999–2000. The movement of SDI in nineties
has been compared with the movements of India’s per capita income and plan expenditure on the social sector. The results show
that though there has been growth in the social sector, it is not by far quite encouraging and perhaps more needs to be done
in the social sector.
The views expressed in the article are those of the author and not of the institution he serves. 相似文献
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《Omega》2017
One of the main goals of any country is to secure the general welfare of society, entailing positive levels of education, health and income, coupled with low levels of social inequality. The following paper studies the efficient use of economic and social resources to generate social welfare in the presence of bad outputs in the states of Mexico during 2010. A two-level data envelopment analysis model was used to determine how efficient the 32 states of the Mexican Republic were, considering as model variables the socioeconomic indicators of the three dimensions of human development (education, health and income), and the data on poverty or inequity in the country. The analysis of the results reveals that only 5 of the 32 units studied were efficient in generating welfare and in reducing poverty, while the rest need to increase their welfare levels and especially reduce inequity in education and income using the economic and social resources they possess. 相似文献
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基于因子分析法的我国区域人类发展实证研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文介绍并引进了以因子分析法为基础构建的人类发展指数(HDI)。通过指标体系的构建、评估方法的选择及与联合国开发计划署制订的人类发展指数比较发现,基于因子分析法的人类发展指数较之传统的方法更适合测算与度量我国区域人类发展水平。 相似文献
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GNP或GDP发展观和产业结构变化的发展观都有很大的局限性,不能解释发展的全部内涵.人类发展指数(HDI)及托达罗的发展观对发展有了较为全面的论述,但仍没有涵盖发展更全面的含义.其实,发展就是满足人类不同需求层次,发展就是可持续的问题.此外,发展也还应该包括政治上的自由、民主和进步以及人们精神面貌的提高、男女平等等诸多方面,发展的涵义还应当扩展到世界的和平和谐发展和发展中国家与发达国家的合作.理解发展的全面含义对于我们中国这个正处在蒸蒸日上发展过程的国家意义深远. 相似文献
6.
Education,Human Development and Quality of Life: Measurement Issues and Implications for India 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
M. R. Narayana 《Social indicators research》2009,90(2):279-293
This paper analyses and compares the measurement of indicators and variables in the construction of education index in Human
Development Index (HDI) at the global, national and 18 sub-national human development reports in India since 1990. The results
show non-comparability of measurement of the education indicators and variables. This implies that vertical and horizontal
comparability of HDI may not be plausible for India. Implications of these analyses are highlighted for measurement of quality
of life indices with special reference to physical quality of life index. Policy lessons are derived for future measurement
of education index for India in particular, and other developing countries in general.
相似文献
M. R. NarayanaEmail: |
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本文利用联合国计划开发署提出的人文发展指数HDI计算方法为基础,以法国2005-2009年间的HDI为产出变量,法国通讯发展为投入变量建立非参数估计的数据包络分析DEA模型,分析了法国通讯发展对人文发展的贡献效率。通过分析表明:通讯业应该向高规模效率方向发展,是提高法国人文发展指数的最有效途径。 相似文献
9.
Amal Kanti Ray 《Social indicators research》2008,86(1):1-46
PQLI and HDI are the two most popular measures of development, besides per capita income. Over the years, PQLI appears to
be not much in use for regional comparisons, especially after the introduction of HDI. While PQLI considers only the physical
variables—adult literacy, life expectancy at birth and infant survival rate, HDI has life expectancy at birth, educational
attainment and real GDP per capita (PPP$). PQLI and HDI are similar, the main difference between the two being the inclusion
of income in HDI and exclusion of the same from PQLI. In a sense, HDI represents both physical and financial attributes of
development and PQLI has only the physical aspects of life. The present author took the lines of PQLI to express development
in terms of physical variables and considering development as a multidimensional phenomenon, Ray (1989) [Ray, A. K. (1989). On the measurement of certain aspects of social development, Social Indicators Research (Vol. 21, pp. 35–92). The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers.] included as many as 13 physical variables to represent
social development across 40 countries; no financial variable was included in the construction of composite index, termed
as the Social Development Index, SDI. Incidentally, like PQLI, SDI was introduced before HDI. Unlike PQLI and HDI, SDI considers
(i) a large number of indicators representing various concern areas and (ii) a set of objective methods for combining the
development indicators as a composite index. Ray (1989) has been restated and updated in this article with newer cross-country information. In the present study, SDI has been constructed
for over 102 countries, including 21 OECD countries, using 10 development indicators, instead of 13 indicators in the past.
Apart from presenting objective methods for combining indicators into SDI, the present study asserts that SDI works better
than HDI as a measure of development for an international comparison.
The views expressed in the article are those of the author and not of the institution he serves. 相似文献
10.
《Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation》2012,82(9):1660-1672
Stochastic sensitivity analyses rarely measure the extent to which realized simulations cover the search space. Rather, simulation lengths are typically chosen according to expert judgement. In response, this paper recommends a novel application of Good-Turing estimators of missing distributional mass. Using the United Nations Development Programme's Human Development Index, the empirical performance of such coverage metrics are compared to alternative measures of convergence. The former are advantageous – they provide probabilistic estimates of simulation coverage and permit calculation of strict bounds on estimates of pairwise dominance (for all possible weight vectors, how often country X dominates country Y). 相似文献