Researching community,work and family with an interpreter

Community, work and family have been studied as practice and experience on an international scale. This work has included research with ethnic minority groups, usually practised by 'insiders' who share their participants' ethnicity, culture and first language. Many of these people live and work in extended family networks, part of a relatively small community embedded within a larger one. Generally, researchers do not have the language skills necessary to communicate with a linguistically diverse population. However, there has been a call to give a voice to, and hence empower, minority groups through the research process. It is in this context that a consideration of the use of interpreters in research on community, work and family can be made. Within this paper we present exploratory suggestions, drawn from our own research, for the appropriate use of an interpreter. This includes a discussion of the practical considerations and implications involved in this research activity, as well as more conceptual issues. Finally, the ways in which this research activity should be documented to reflect concerns in current qualitative methodological debates are considered. La communauté, le travail et la famille sont des sujets qui ont été étudiés, tant au niveau de la pratique que de l'expérience, à l'échelon international. Cette étude a envelopéune recherche parmi les groupes éthniques en minorité, dans l'ensemble vécue par des gens qui connaissent les choses de l'intérieur et qui partagent l'identité éthnique, la culture et la langue maternelle. Nombreux, parmi eux, sont des gens qui vivent et travaillent dans le cadre de familles étendues et font partie d'une petite communauté au sein d'une communaute plus grande. Dans l'ensemble, les chercheurs n'ont pas les competences linguistiques nécessaires pour communiquer avec une population de langues diverses. Cependant, il s'est avéré qu'il est plus que nécessaire de donner la parole et, de là, donner le pouvoir, aux groupes minoritaires au travers de la procedure du travail de recherche. C'est dans ce contexte que la considération de l'utilité de faire appel à des interprètes dans le domaine de la recherche qui embrasse la communauté, le travail et la famille, peut etre faite. Dans ce papier, nous soumettons des suggestions exploratoires, tirées de notre propre recherche, pour l'utilisation appropriée d'un interprete. Cela inclue une discussion sur les considerations pratiques et les implications contenues dans l'activite de cette recherche, y compris des activités conceptuelles. Pour finir, nous considérons la manière dans laquelle cette recherche devrait être documentée afin de refléter les débats méthodologiques qualitatifs en cours.     

The Sources of Error in Psychology

The backgrounds and roles of school interpreters who provide interpretation services for limited English proficient students were investigated through a survey study. The results are based on a total of 89 interpreters working in schools throughout New York State. A total of 29 languages were represented in the two samples of interpreters with Spanish being the most frequently used language. Most of the interpreters had Bachelors Degrees or higher but very few had any formal training in interpretation. The results suggest that most interpreters work on a part-time basis. The interpreters reported providing services for a number of different school personnel while fulfilling numerous roles that included interpreting during assessment sessions as well as during parent meetings. The implications of the findings are discussed from the perspectives of the training and recruiting ofschool interpreters. The limitations of the findings are also examined.     

长崎贸易中的唐通事

唐通事是日本江户时代长崎贸易中对从事汉译人员的通称,唐通事职责重要,社会地位崇高,贡献巨大。唐船贸易长盛不衰的原因诸多,但唐通事发挥的作用不可低估。本文主要探索唐通事产生发展的渊源、构成,阐述分析唐通事在中日经济文化交流中的地位作用。     

社会建构论视域下《疾病解说者》中的市场医疗想象

《疾病解说者》是裘帕·拉希莉的第一部小说集。文章试图在社会建构论的观照下,从比较视域对主流医学与补充医学两种话语进行对比研究,试图揭示西方的理性文明对印度本土文化而言是一种灾难,通过印度补充医学市场中的以帕西为代表的市场医学形象的塑造,颂扬了印度文化中的生命文化与爱文化的主题。     

Women from refugee backgrounds and their experiences of attending a specialist antenatal clinic. Narratives from an Australian setting

ProblemIn response to an identified need, a specialist antenatal clinic for women from refugee backgrounds was introduced in 2008, with an evaluation planned and completed in 2010.QuestionCan maternity care experiences for women from refugee backgrounds, attending a specialist antenatal clinic in a tertiary Australian public hospital, be improved?MethodsThe evaluation employed mixed methods, generating qualitative and quantitative data from two hospital databases, a chart audit, surveys and interviews with service users, providers and stakeholders. Contributions were received from 202 participants.FindingsThe clinic was highly regarded by all participants. Continuity of care throughout the antenatal period was particularly valued by newly arrived women as it afforded them security and support to negotiate an unfamiliar Western maternity system. Positive experiences decreased however; as women transitioned from the clinic to labour and postnatal wards where they reported that their traditional birthing and recuperative practices were often interrupted by the imposition of Western biomedical notions of appropriate care. The centrally located clinic was problematic, frequently requiring complex travel arrangements. Appointment schedules often impacted negatively on traditional spousal and family obligations.ConclusionsProviding comprehensive and culturally responsive maternity care for women from refugee backgrounds is achievable, however it is also resource intensive. The production of translated information which is high quality in terms of production and content, whilst also taking account of languages which are only rarely encountered, is problematic. Cultural competency programmes for staff, ideally online, require regular updating in light of new knowledge and changing political sensitivities.     

《朴通事谚解》中的元明口语与民俗

《朴通事谚解》是朝鲜李朝时期有关中国生活文化的高级汉语教科书。书中记载了大量的元明风俗,无论是对语言学、史学还是民俗学,它都是珍贵的研究资料。其中的一些方言口语词语,反映了当时的风土风俗。利用方言、民俗对这些词语进行正确释读,既梳通了原书中语言的疑惑之处,又揭示了其中的民俗现象,说明语言和民俗的密切关系。     

目的解释之真谛——目的解释方法中的“目的”辨考

目的解释常被作为协调分歧的一种权威性方法,但如未领悟目的解释的真谛就会因其本身的复杂性而陷入泥潭。目的解释方法中的"目的"涉及数对疑似抵牾的范畴:一是个别法律条文之目的和整体法律或整个法秩序之目的,二是具体目的和抽象的终极目的,三是立法者之主观目的和法律之客观目的。由于目的解释也易导致恣意,故应受到一定限制。解释者只有在妥善处理好这几对目的之间的关系后,并根据法伦理性原则去理解法律规定的客观意涵,实现各目的之间的融合,以使之"适合事理",才能真正把握目的解释之真谛。