《呼兰河传》与《城南旧事》在女童视角中的比较研究

萧红的《呼兰河传》和林海音的《城南旧事》是两部采用女童视角的自传体小说。在女性视角和儿童视角的融合中,萧红更多地介入了成人化的思想,使得其视角缺少像《城南旧事》中的成长感,这也同时让《呼兰河传》的视角更为静态,更为客观。而同样是视角的变迁,萧红在作品中采用的是多视角合一的手法,林海音则选择了单一视角的视点转换来实现。通过女性话语、女性意识的融入,两位作家在作品中营造出了不同的“阴性”空间。     

Three Types of Memory for Childhood Sexual Abuse: Relationships to Characteristics of Abuse and Psychological Symptoms∗

ABSTRACT

Data from a clinical sample (N?=?88) reporting childhood sexual abuse was compared by types of memory, abuse characteristics, and psychological symptoms. Three types of memory were identified from a questionnaire (“Always” n?=?27 [31%], “Recovered” n?=?41 [46%], and “Both” n?=?20 [23%]). When compared with narrative reports from a subset (n?=?30) of the sample, the lines between “Always,” “Recovered,” and “Both” types of memory were ambiguous. Consistency across reports, however, was 83%. Memories classified as either “Recovered” or “Both” were associated with earlier age-at-onset and more severe psychological symptoms compared to those who “Always” remembered CSA. No significant differences were found between the “Both” and “Recovered” groups.     

EXTERNAL AIDS FOR SOCIAL MEMORY

Collective or social memories are not just a way for accumulating and preserving but also for sharing and developing knowledge. Indeed, as knowledge is made explicit and elaborated by a community, it enriches the local culture and the current practices, becoming a basis for communication and learning. This paper addresses the concept of 'social memory' in a specific 'community of practice': teachers and students of primary schools. The work is developed within HIPS1 (Hyper Interaction within Physical Space), a three-year (1997-2000) research project funded by the European Commission within the I 3 (I-Cube) Programme. HIPS is a hand-held location-aware tourist guide that delivers information related to the surrounding space mainly reacting to the physical movements of visitors (Benelli et al . 1999). The guide is designed to minimize the boundary between the physical space and the related information through a number of situated and contextual-aware interaction mechanisms. In the paper we present a specific application of HIPS as tool to support the creation of a social memory. First, we illustrate the theoretical framework, the cultural psychology (Vygotsky 1978), which we adopted to design the tool as an external aid for social memory. Afterwards we describe the user study and the design process that resulted in the development of an early prototype. The conclusions are a reflection about the use of new technology to open new learning opportunities for students.     

C19. Bayesian oedemology

The fitting of age-dependent HIV incidence models to AIDS data is a computationally intensive task, particularly when allowance is made for non-proportional dependence of the infection rate on age. This paper presents a computational alternative to a very intensive method described by Rosenberg (1994). Our approach is to use the EM algorithm on a discretized form of the model used by Rosenberg (1994). The EM approach has certain attractive features including ease of implementation and flexibility. of model specification. It also conveniently generalizes to allow smoothed estimation and less detailed forms of age-specific AIDS data.     

对钱穆《师友杂忆》一则重要记述的补正——兼及朱怀天生平事迹考辨

钱穆先生是现代中国最为重要的国学大师之一。他晚年定居台湾,在记忆衰退,又无大量文献可供稽考的情况下,耄耋之年写作回忆录——《师友杂忆》,因此记述难免出现偏差。但瑕不掩瑜,此书仍旧是一部20世纪中国学术发展史的实录,有着它书所无法替代的研究价值。文章主要利用1921年7月印行的《松江朱怀天先生遗稿》与《师友杂忆》比较参证,逐次辨析朱怀天生平事迹,去伪存真,增补缺失,力图完整展现钱穆与朱怀天交往的全过程。[1]     

《城南旧事》改编中的散文化风格问题探析

电影《城南旧事》改编的成功,与其笼统地归功于对小说原著的忠实,不如更准确地说,是电影忠实于并强化了小说原著那种以"淡淡的哀愁,沉沉的相思"为基调的散文化风格。本文试图通过对小说文本、电影剧本和剪辑完成的电影之间的详细比较,考察从小说到电影这一改编过程中对风格问题的处理,探析散文式电影改编的艺术技巧和成功经验。     

关于彝族“六祖分支”的讨论

通过分析＂六祖分支＂的版本及研究状况以及相似的汉族祖源记忆＂三皇五帝＂的传说,认为在一定的政治话语下和民族交往过程中,民族精英为团结民众,整合社会,共同对付外族以获取一定的政治经济权益和话语权以及民族自尊,一般采用最能唤起根基性情感的祖源记忆传说来达成社会整合目标,族群认同也就在族源记忆的基础上一步步地被建构。     

小说中的预设——《福特执政回忆录》的语用解读

作为语用现象的预设,在文学语篇的建构和解读中具有重要作用。文学作者/文本和读者也处于交互式话语交流过程中。通常这种文学交流的预设具体表现为文类规约。文学话语比其他话语类型有更大的语用灵活度,可以更自由地采用或摆脱相关预设。从语用的角度分析作者遵守或故意违反预设的不同效果,有助于更好地理解美国著名作家厄普代克的小说《福特执政回忆录》。     

《八月之光》:宗教多重性与民族身份认同

《八月之光》是福克纳小说中最具挑战性的一部力作。小说主要以人物的记忆为核心来呈现个体身份认同和寻求社会归属等重大人生问题,并在种族主义、暴力和性等多视角上揭示出了作家的宗教多重性思想。从美国文学传统的角度来看,小说在美利坚国家民族身份认同的宏大叙述主题上也占据重要地位。     

“泛阿拉伯主义”在美国媒体的“帝国”意象

20世纪上半叶,面对阿拉伯人的统一诉求,有相当一部分人通过美国媒体,结合西方世界对伊斯兰教的刻板印象,将“泛阿拉伯主义”附会到中世纪的“阿拉伯帝国”,进而视其为西方文明的对立面。纳赛尔掌权后,美国媒体出于对埃及亲苏外交的敌视,纷纷指责埃及政府试图仰仗苏联支持,建立“阿拉伯帝国”。随着埃及(阿联)与苏联之间矛盾的加剧,美国舆论界仍继续敌视纳赛尔的“泛阿拉伯主义”,认为纳赛尔建立“阿拉伯帝国”的“野心”虽然导致其与苏联的纷争,但仍是西方的威胁。美国人对纳赛尔的敌视,虽然伴有强烈的冷战心态,但他们频繁以“阿拉伯帝国”或“穆斯林帝国”的历史意象,比附纳赛尔的“泛阿拉伯主义”实践,实际上是对“东西对立”叙事模式的延续,反映出西方世界长久以来对“伊斯兰征服”的历史记忆,并连带着对中东地区整合倾向的担忧。