Collective and Elective Ethnicity: Caste Among Urban Muslims in India

This article explores how the significance of ethnic identity can vary within a stable population, using caste among Muslims in Hyderabad, India as a case study. While some Hyderabadi Muslims are still embedded in ethnic networks, most now experience ethnicity as elective and do not rely on a corporate caste group for their social connections. This reflects a decline in the value of caste identities, which no longer provide economic or political resources. Increasingly, Muslims seek status through education, profession, or income. Thus, most Muslims in Hyderabad experience caste membership, identity, and networks in a weakened or attenuated way.     

试论印度穆斯林的分离主义——以赛义德、伊克巴尔、真纳为例

本文赛义德、伊克巴尔、真纳为例,论述印度穆斯林的分离主义。穆斯林分离主义源于赛义德;伊克巴尔第一次喊出了穆斯林单独建国的口号;真纳是穆斯林分离主义理论的集大成者和实行者。穆斯林的分离主义对印度次大陆的政治发展产生了巨大的影响,成为印度次大陆分裂的主要因素。     

Border Crossings and Diasporic Identities: Media Use and Leisure Practices of an Ethnic Minority

The diaspora of peoples whose origins were in the Indian subcontinent (South Asia) and who are now living in Western countries (especially the U.S. and UK) provides an interesting example of processes of negotiation of new hybrid cultures and identities, using new technologies, such as the Internet, and older technologies like the video player, cable or satellite television, radio, and telephone. These developments may require a revision of the classic sociological picture of assimilation as a zero sum model of acculturation, in which the acculturation of immigrants and their children involves the gradual replacement of their ethnic culture by that of the culture of the host nation. The electronic media, in the context of policies of multiculturalism, may lead to an accentuation of religio-ethnic differences. Contrary to previous assumptions, middle-class immigrants may be more inclined to resist cultural assimilation than their lower-class counterparts.     

Essentialism and Islamic Theology of Homosexuality: A Critical Reflection on an Essentialist Epistemology toward Same-Sex Desires and Acts in Islam

Although most traditional Muslim scholars condemn same-sex desires and acts, revisionist Muslim scholars have offered a more tolerant approach on this issue over the last two decades. Building on an essentialist approach to same-sex desires and acts, these scholars have argued that Islam accepts difference and diversity, including sexual diversity, as part of God’s creation. Homosexuality, which in their view is an innate disposition to the same sex, is an alternative sexuality and, thus, accepted by the Qur’an and Islam. This article argues that an essentialist approach is not suitable to defend all manifestations of same-sex desires and acts, not only because it is narrow (as it excludes both bisexual Muslims and homosexual Muslims who believe that their sexual orientation is socially constructed), but also because it cannot even argue the case for the view of homosexuality as inborn. This article proposes to open up the debate beyond essentialism and constructivism, which both have their limitations, to accommodate a more inclusive and tolerant Islamic approach to same-sex desires and acts.     

Imagined mosque communities in Russia: Central Asian migrants in Moscow

ABSTRACT

The article aims to shed light on mosque communities in Russia through the example of mosques frequented by Moscovites and by Central Asian migrants. I will make use of Anderson’s theoretical framework of ‘imagined community’ in analysing the material presented in the article. The main argument is that there are no real mosque communities and rather that the sense of community formed around mosques is imagined. There are nevertheless a variety of networks, groups and institutions within and around mosques. The article is based on fieldwork conducted in 2016 and 2017.     

明清时期国家与社会关系转型境遇下的回族社区——以历史上西安回族社区文化变迁为视点

本文以历史上西安回族社区为视点,运用人类学的理论和方法,在明清时期国家与社会关系转型的境遇下,分析了回族社区文化的变迁.     

民国时期广州穆斯林文人的忧患意识

作者认为,民国时期广州穆斯林文人忧患于广大穆斯林宗教知识的匮乏、汉文化水平的低下等,创办学校和报刊,加强宣传。针对对伊斯兰教的侮教案和基督教的误解做出回应,呼唤民族觉醒,振兴伊斯兰文化,以期树立民族自信心。他们为广东地区伊斯兰文化的延续做出了贡献,同时他们的作品也为后人留下了珍贵史料。作者对当时回族知识分子予以一定评价。     

云南回族的他称--"潘塞"、"潘西"和"帕西"辨析

历史上云南回族马帮商人在云南境内外各条商道上不绝于途,不少人还定居缅甸和泰国.缅族称云南回族为"潘塞"(旧译"潘泰"),掸族称之为"潘西".在国内,西双版纳傣族称回族为"帕西".海外学者对缅语"潘塞"一词的语源争议不休,众说纷纭.本文论述提出(一)"潘塞"、"潘西"和"帕西"原为印度、缅甸一带民间对穆斯林的泛称,尔后用以称呼云南回族,三者系同一名词,仅读音有微小差异;(二)三者均由中世纪以来印度民间称呼波斯人的"帕尔西"(Patsi)一词演变而来.     

郑和航海与穆斯林文化

15世纪,中国明代的郑和七下西洋是政府行为,影响广远。郑和与其从官马欢系穆斯林出身,遂使郑和航海得益于穆斯林文化。由于马欢通晓阿拉伯语、波斯语等穆斯林国家的语言,因此,郑和一行同中国南海与印度洋沿岸上的各国穆斯林进行了较为广泛的交流,对明代中国认识了解当地的民族及其迁徙、宗教生活与民俗、物产与经济提供了真实的情况。这对中国与不同文化底蕴的其他国家日后和平交往,奠定了良好的基础。本文拟借纪念郑和航海600周年之机,讲一下穆斯林文化与郑和航海的密切关系,兼及郑和航海史料的研究、整理。     

西北回族"复合型经济"与宏观地缘构造的理论分析

本文以历史与现实、微观与宏观、区域与整体贯通一致的系统视角,尝试构建西北回族的整体性理论,提出"复合型经济"模式,并从"三块高原-两种经济类型"与"茶马互市"地理布点相吻合的关系,以及从"弱商业联系"到"强商业联系"的演进过程,解释了回族经济的特点与原因,揭示现象背后复杂深刻的规律,并对回族生存过程中与外部发生的重要关系问题提出新的解说.