陈第古音学思想形成探因

陈第首次破除“叶音说”并提出“音有转移”的主张。究其原因,有吴Huo、杨慎、焦竑及其父亲的影响,更与他本人对《诗经》等古献语音的全面考证密切相关.     

Privatisation des télécommunications et relations de travail en Amérique latine

This article deals with the privatization of telecommunications in the three largest Latin American countries, Argentina, Brazil and Mexico. Labor unions have strongly affected the way telecommunications have been privatized in Latin America and its timing, but they have not been able to keep their traditional influence from waning. Comparing Argentina and Mexico brings to light opposite models of labor relations based, for the one, on the denationalization of management and loss of guaranteed jobs for wage-earners and, for the other, on the maintenance of control over telecommunications by local entrepreneurs and the preservation of guaranteed employment. The more recent privatization implemented in Brazil has fueled debate about the consequences on collective action in an era of open-market telecommunications. — Special issue: Latin America.     

变异的本土化:民间故事跨民族传播研究

从比较故事学角度看,变异学重在研究跨民族交流中文学文本在接受民族中的变异情况,这种变异过程同时又是一个本土化、民族化的过程。结合民间故事的生发史,笔者将从传播过程、语言媒介以及文化传统等方面,分析和探寻民间故事在跨民族传播过程中的变异规律。     

Model fitting and inference under latent equilibrium processes

This paper presents a methodology for model fitting and inference in the context of Bayesian models of the type f(Y | X,θ)f(X|θ)f(θ), where Y is the (set of) observed data, θ is a set of model parameters and X is an unobserved (latent) stationary stochastic process induced by the first order transition model f(X ^(t+1)|X ^(t),θ), where X ^(t) denotes the state of the process at time (or generation) t. The crucial feature of the above type of model is that, given θ, the transition model f(X ^(t+1)|X ^(t),θ) is known but the distribution of the stochastic process in equilibrium, that is f(X|θ), is, except in very special cases, intractable, hence unknown. A further point to note is that the data Y has been assumed to be observed when the underlying process is in equilibrium. In other words, the data is not collected dynamically over time. We refer to such specification as a latent equilibrium process (LEP) model. It is motivated by problems in population genetics (though other applications are discussed), where it is of interest to learn about parameters such as mutation and migration rates and population sizes, given a sample of allele frequencies at one or more loci. In such problems it is natural to assume that the distribution of the observed allele frequencies depends on the true (unobserved) population allele frequencies, whereas the distribution of the true allele frequencies is only indirectly specified through a transition model. As a hierarchical specification, it is natural to fit the LEP within a Bayesian framework. Fitting such models is usually done via Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC). However, we demonstrate that, in the case of LEP models, implementation of MCMC is far from straightforward. The main contribution of this paper is to provide a methodology to implement MCMC for LEP models. We demonstrate our approach in population genetics problems with both simulated and real data sets. The resultant model fitting is computationally intensive and thus, we also discuss parallel implementation of the procedure in special cases.     

Approximate likelihood methods for estimating local recombination rates

Summary. There is currently great interest in understanding the way in which recombination rates vary, over short scales, across the human genome. Aside from inherent interest, an understanding of this local variation is essential for the sensible design and analysis of many studies aimed at elucidating the genetic basis of common diseases or of human population histories. Standard pedigree-based approaches do not have the fine scale resolution that is needed to address this issue. In contrast, samples of deoxyribonucleic acid sequences from unrelated chromosomes in the population carry relevant information, but inference from such data is extremely challenging. Although there has been much recent interest in the development of full likelihood inference methods for estimating local recombination rates from such data, they are not currently practicable for data sets of the size being generated by modern experimental techniques. We introduce and study two approximate likelihood methods. The first, a marginal likelihood, ignores some of the data. A careful choice of what to ignore results in substantial computational savings with virtually no loss of relevant information. For larger sequences, we introduce a 'composite' likelihood, which approximates the model of interest by ignoring certain long-range dependences. An informal asymptotic analysis and a simulation study suggest that inference based on the composite likelihood is practicable and performs well. We combine both methods to reanalyse data from the lipoprotein lipase gene, and the results seriously question conclusions from some earlier studies of these data.     

染色体突变研究进展

染色体遗传病已成为困扰人们的一大顽症,近年来人们对染色体突变的研究有了很快的发展,本文对染色体突变有关的疾病、突变机理及其因素进行了探讨,以便人们对染色体疾病有更好的认识,希望能为更好地防治疾病、减少疾病的发生率提供可靠的理论依据和实践材料。     

突变理论的教育研究方法论价值

突变理论在教育领域的运用有非常重要的意义。文章通过突变理论在学习动机与学习效率之间倒“U”型曲线的折叠突变模型以及学习心理与学习行为之间的尖顶突变模型进行分析,对突变理论的应用价值做出探析。     

新时期文学创作对17年文学传统的悬隔与会通——从刘勰的“通变”思想谈起

从刘勰《文心雕龙.通变》篇所提出的“会通适变”思想出发,探讨并阐明了新时期文学创作对于17年文学传统的会通与悬隔问题,在充分肯定新时期文学创新成绩的基础之上,进一步指明了新时期文学由于缺少17年文学所具有的那种民族、国家、集体主义体悟和关怀而造成的精神蜕变。进而认为,17年文学那种朴实、自然、真切而崇高的情感取向应该成为新时期文学正变的基础和前提。     

Les mutations de la profession d'huissier de justice depuis les années 1970

To determine the nature, scope and explanatory factors of important changes in the profession of bailiff (huissier de justice) since the 1970s, various scales of observation are combined around a morphological and a structural (or interactionist) analysis of this professional group. The morphological analysis assesses the changes in this group's major social and professional characteristics and thus accounts for its degree of heterogeneity. It also calls for analyzing careers (by using academic and lay categories to explain biographical itineraries) and everyday professional practices. Drawing on Everett C. Hughes work, the structural analysis brings to light the decisive role played by “political actors”, by this professional group's representatives and by its disputes with other legal professions for the purpose of preserving and demarcating its own field of activity given recent changes.