Bias Correction in the Dynamic Panel Data Model with a Nonscalar Disturbance Covariance Matrix

Approximation formulae are developed for the bias of ordinary and generalized Least Squares Dummy Variable (LSDV) estimators in dynamic panel data models. Results from Kiviet [Kiviet, J. F. (1995), on bias, inconsistency, and efficiency of various estimators in dynamic panel data models, J. Econometrics68:53-78; Kiviet, J. F. (1999), Expectations of expansions for estimators in a dynamic panel data model: some results for weakly exogenous regressors, In: Hsiao, C., Lahiri, K., Lee, L-F., Pesaran, M. H., eds., Analysis of Panels and Limited Dependent Variables, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 199-225] are extended to higher-order dynamic panel data models with general covariance structure. The focus is on estimation of both short- and long-run coefficients. The results show that proper modelling of the disturbance covariance structure is indispensable. The bias approximations are used to construct bias corrected estimators which are then applied to quarterly data from 14 European Union countries. Money demand functions for M1, M2 and M3 are estimated for the EU area as a whole for the period 1991: I-1995: IV. Significant spillovers between countries are found reflecting the dependence of domestic money demand on foreign developments. The empirical results show that in general plausible long-run effects are obtained by the bias corrected estimators. Moreover, finite sample bias, although of moderate magnitude, is present underlining the importance of more refined estimation techniques. Also the efficiency gains by exploiting the heteroscedasticity and cross-correlation patterns between countries are sometimes considerable.     

论洗钱罪的防治

洗钱罪是众多经济犯罪和有组织犯罪的派生物,具有对社会的危害性、过程的复杂性、方法手段的专业性、范围的国际性等特点。反洗钱是十分复杂的法治问题,涉及一个国家的社会、政治、经济等方面的内容。要加大反洗钱力度,就必须在防治上狠下功夫,从思想、立法、执法、金融防范、国际合作等领域采取措施,要标本兼治,才能构筑符合我国情况的反洗钱体系。     

Sampling Returns for Realized Variance Calculations: Tick Time or Transaction Time?

This article introduces a new model for transaction prices in the presence of market microstructure noise in order to study the properties of the price process on two different time scales, namely, transaction time where prices are sampled with every transaction and tick time where prices are sampled with every price change. Both sampling schemes have been used in the literature on realized variance, but a formal investigation into their properties has been lacking. Our empirical and theoretical results indicate that the return dynamics in transaction time are very different from those in tick time and the choice of sampling scheme can therefore have an important impact on the properties of realized variance. For RV we find that tick time sampling is superior to transaction time sampling in terms of mean-squared-error, especially when the level of noise, number of ticks, or the arrival frequency of efficient price moves is low. Importantly, we show that while the microstructure noise may appear close to IID in transaction time, in tick time it is highly dependent. As a result, bias correction procedures that rely on the noise being independent, can fail in tick time and are better implemented in transaction time.     

欧元国际地位发展探析

欧元自1999年正式启动以来,在国际市场中的使用稳步成长,在第三国的使用日益广泛,已成为有信誉、稳定的第二大国际货币。但欧元国际地位的发展在各市场部分中具有一定的不平衡,地域性显著,尚不具备全球性。欧元国际地位的这种发展状态是历史性和变革性因素以及欧元主要使用者共同作用的结果,在诸多有利因素的支持下,欧元作为第二国际货币的地位在未来将得到进一步加强。     

我国海上油田钻井完井投资测算方法研究

本文分析了我国海上油田钻井完井投资测算的现有方法,针对存在的问题和不足,从内生变量的选择、相关系数、变量的影响程度等方面进行分析研究,提出以作业周期、井深、水深三个因素进行测算的新方法。     

Imagined interactions,family money management patterns and coalitions,and attitudes toward money and credit

This study explores the imagined interactions college students have with their parents about money and credit, their attitudes toward credit and money, the ways they say their parents deal with financial decisions, and the communication coalitions regarding finances they perceive existing within their family. Students’ imagined interaction pleasantness is greatest when parents jointly form a plan for paying off credit card debt and lowest when parents argue. When family coalitions exist, students report more frequent imagined interactions. Imagined interaction frequency and pleasantness are related to credit and money attitudes.

Effects of Firm-specific and Country-specific Advantages on Relative Acquisition Size in Service Sector Cross-Border Acquisitions: An Empirical Examination

Using a sample of 348 service sector cross-border acquisitions by U.S. firms in 44 countries during 1990–2006, our study seeks to identify factors that influence relative acquisition size (acquisition transaction value as a percentage of acquiring firm's asset value). Our findings indicate that firm-specific advantages (FSAs) in the form of available financial slack and target industry knowledge were positively associated with relative acquisition size. However, contrary to expectations, we observed a negative relationship between cross-border acquisition experience and relative acquisition size. In addition, our results suggest that country-specific advantages (CSAs) associated with higher market potential, lower political risk, and greater cultural similarity contributed to increased relative acquisition size in service industry cross-border acquisitions. Finally, our analysis reveals that the relationship between available financial slack and relative acquisition size is contingent on cultural similarity with the relationship being more pronounced when cultural similarity is high.     

双顺差对货币政策有效性影响的实证分析

运用计量分析方法,对我国1994—2009年外汇储备与货币供应量M2、外汇占款及基础货币的相关关系进行实证研究,结果表明,双顺差引致外汇储备的大量增长是导致M2增长的原因,外汇占款已经成为央行供应基础货币的重要渠道之一,而国际收支双顺差最终会造成货币政策的有效性降低。     

交易效率视角下的中国农地产权制度改革

随着现行的农村土地使用制度——家庭联产承包制的边际效益递减,我国的农业生产力出现了下降的趋势。从交易效率的视角分析了我国农地产权制度对农村土地市场交易效率的重要影响,并结合交易效率对农村土地承包经营权流转的作用进行了分析,研究认为中国农地产权制度是影响农村土地经营权流转的重要因素,最后对农地产权制度存在的问题提出了完善中国农地产权制度的建议。     

制度变迁的经济原因与困难 ———使鹿鄂温克族裔文明兴衰的启示

一种文化的衰落背后,往往隐藏着现实的经济力量。使鹿鄂温克族传统文化的衰落,并不主要是因为生态移民政策的失误,也并不是由于对民族文化的保护不足所致,而是因为社会经济条件的变化,使得传统生产方式和相应的制度不再能适应人们的生存需求,而不得不被放弃。资源的日益稀缺,竞争的日益激烈,使人们必须寻找更有效的产权规则。但规则的改变,可能使得原来的强者成为弱者,成为变革的牺牲者或反对者。如何对不同主体的利益给予合理照顾和协调,是制度变革成功的关键。