晚唐五代敦煌归义军节度使多妻制研究

晚唐五代敦煌归义军节度使多妻制是学术界很少注意的问题,节度使多妻制的出现受到两方面因素的影响一是吐蕃统治敦煌以来存在的多妻现象;二是归义军节度使通过多妻制达到与敦煌各个大姓之间联姻,以维护自己政权的目地.从张议潮、张淮深到曹氏归义军的曹议金等,都采取多妻联姻.归义军时期敦煌百姓中多妻是一种普遍现象,主要原因可能是政府为弥补因战争导致的性比例失调、人口锐减等采取的一项补救措施.     

男性多偶之家中妻子的自保策略 --明清小说家庭女性掠影

作者通过对明清小说中家庭女性地位的研究，认为在男性多偶家庭中，妻、妾、婢的地位高低有别。她们的地位升降变化，取决于男人的喜怒。为了争取男人的宠爱，妻、妾、婢明争暗斗。处于斗争漩涡中心的妻子为妻之道十分艰难：她们要么维护妻道尊严失去丈夫宠爱，要么降妻道为妾道媚夫求宠。     

Polygyny and African couple research

Fertility and family planning research has recently begun to focus on couples, rather than solely on women. High levels of polygyny in sub-Saharan Africa create two interesting problems for couple analyses. First, some men match with multiple wives in a given sample. Hence observations of a dependent variable that are a function of the responses from a polygynous man are not statistically independent. To correct for this, we propose that researchers use the method of generalized estimating equations. The second problem occurs when survey questions do not properly account for men having multiple partners. Variables constructed from such questions may contain error. Until better data are available, we propose that researchers randomly select a wife for each polygynous man to reduce the effects of this error. We illustrate these ideas by studying the determinants of couples having innovative family planning behaviors and attitudes in Niger.     

西非多妻制家庭的众妻及其隐居生活——影片《酋长的第五位新娘》的影视人类学观察

一夫多妻或一妻多夫现象的产生是历史、经济和文化多种条件作用的结果,不能用先进-愚昧、我族-他族的两分法做简单化分析。从历史、文化传统、宗教、生计、战争和社会变迁的多向度视角解释西非多妻制及其诸妻的隐居、贸易和他们的婚姻关系,可能更有助于理解多妻制产生的真正原因。这对中国传统社会的一妻多妾的婚姻模式的研究也提供了可资借鉴的方法。人类学影视片最大的优势是具有直观的现实感,而文化撰写的优势在于它“深描”影视片无法涵盖的“他者”文化,使得研究更具文化的纵深感和深邃的历史感。     

‘I Was Attracted to Him Because of His Money’: Changing Forms of Polygyny in Contemporary Papua New Guinea

Substantial economic transition in Papua New Guinea (PNG) is giving rise to increased wealth, rapid social change and changing cultural practices. Polygyny practices in PNG have come under increasing domestic attention in recent years, especially as pertains to reinforcing patriarchy and exacerbating gender inequality. Based on qualitative research with women, we identify a new ‘emerging polygyny’ that is located in women’s and girls’ choices, decisions, experiences and actions, and which contrasts with other research documenting polygyny from men’s perspectives. Narratives from female participants described young women and girls who actively seek polygynous relationships with men who have disposable income and other assets, with the aim of gaining access to economic wealth as co-wives. In the context of public and legal debate about the status of polygyny in PNG, these findings illustrate the need for a more balanced discussion about polygynous relationships, located within an understanding of women’s lived experiences.