反垄断法中相关市场的界定标准

相关市场是竞争法中的基础性概念,对所有限制竞争行为的讨论都必须以界定相关市场为基础。相关市场又分为相关产品市场、相关地理市场和相关时间市场。结合相关案例和经济学理论对三种市场进行讨论,可以为我国反垄断立法中关于相关市场的立法和执法提供借鉴。     

新资本结构理论综述

随着资本结构研究的深入,理论界进一步放宽MM定理的基本假设。以Jensen,Myers,Ross,Leland,Harris,Hart等学者为代表的新资本结构理论引入最新的研究方法,对资本结构展开分析。本文按照新资本结构理论发展的历史轨迹,全面评述了资本结构理论中最为重要的各种理论,同时系统地描述了各有关理论的基本内容。     

The Big Five personality factors and team performance: implications for selecting successful product design teams

In the pursuit of faster product development, product design teams are a growing phenomenon in many organizations. In order to be successful, these teams must be composed of people who work well together. However, despite the benefit of selecting the optimal combination of team members, this topic has received little attention. Personality has been identified as a potentially helpful selection variable in the determination of optimal team composition. This study examines the relationships between the ‘Big Five’ personality factors (Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Neuroticism, Agreeableness, and Openness to Experience) and objective team performance for three-member product design teams. In addition to this, the potential incremental contribution of personality to the variance in team performance over that accounted for by established selection measures such as general cognitive ability was investigated. In the short duration of the study, it became apparent that some teams were capable of success, and some were not. Successful teams were characterized by higher levels of general cognitive ability, higher extraversion, higher agreeableness, and lower neuroticism than their unsuccessful counterparts. In successful teams, the heterogeneity of conscientiousness was negatively related to increments in product performance. Implications for the selection of product design teams and future directions for research are discussed.     

Analytical network process for software selection in product development: A case study

Application of software for manufacturing processes is one of the resolutions many enterprises have resorted to in the 21st century. This has been a result of increased complexity of products, globalization, rapid changes in technology and so on. The idea was that application of software especially for product development would increase the competitive advantage of industry nevertheless the irony has been that most of the investment in software has not achieved the expected results. We carry out a case study to introduce a methodology, the analytical network process as a multiattribute strategic decision making approach to help in the selection of appropriate software to suit the product development process of a particular product.     

The impact and management of cognitive gap in high performance product development organizations

The close alignment of applied research and development units with manufacturing operational structures can provide excellent opportunities for maintaining robust product pipelines and reducing product development cycle times. Within such an integrated organizational model (IOM), however, lies a potentially disruptive psychological mechanism that can lead to the dissolution of this delicate partnership if it is not handled properly. This mechanism is cognitive gap, which can take several basic forms: first, as differences between the nature and difficulty of the problem at hand and the cognitive resources of the problem solvers tasked with its solution; and second, as differences between the cognitive abilities and approaches of the problem solvers themselves. In this paper, we define and discuss cognitive gap within the context of Kirton's Adaption-Innovation theory, a useful framework for understanding problem solving (and problem solvers) in general. Specific implications (both favourable and potentially destructive) of cognitive gaps for high performance product development organizations are discussed, and suggestions for their effective management are offered.     

航空产品责任诉讼初探——以美国立法与司法实践为视角

发生空难后,航空产品责任诉讼是受伤害旅客获得高额赔偿的重要途径,美国是航空产品责任诉讼的集中地,有着丰富的司法实践经验和较为完备的法律规定。航空产品责任诉讼的责任主体主要是航空产品制造商和航空器出租人,要使其承担产品责任,必须证明航空器存在设计、制造或警示说明缺陷。同时,美国法院常常会在航空产品责任诉讼中应用不方便法院原则,从私人利益和公共利益因素两方面进行考察,判断法院是否对案件行使管辖权。尽管由于法官自由裁量权的行使可能导致不同案件判决结果存在差异,但是通过对美国《第三次侵权法重述:产品责任》和相关案例的研究,在美国航空产品责任诉讼中原告的举证责任、不方便法院原则的适用标准等问题上仍有一些规律可循。     

地理信息系统在区域经济研究中的应用

GIS技术从空间角度表达、分析各种数据,使存在于区域间的各种关系一目了然,从而为区域经济研究提供一种将空间维度融入传统经济分析与决策的新思维和新方法。基于GIS系统的区域经济研究,以区域经济发展的相关要素为内容,以GIS技术为手段,并借助计算机技术、数据库技术和信息技术将,为区域经济决策提供交互式的、可视化的信息。     

组织模块化对组织价值创新的影响:基于产品特性调节效应的实证研究

组织模块化所催生的竞合机制与模块整合模式充分彰显了开创价值创新的优越。本文以产品特性为调节变量,对组织模块化与组织价值创新之间的影响机制进行了实证分析。结果显示,在组织模块化过程中,单纯的组织结构构建并不能够带来企业的价值创新,只有制度设计才是组织模块化价值创新的深层诱因;而引入结构构建匹配后,模块化制度设计对组织价值创新的影响更加显著,这在某种程度上说明了产业模块化向组织模块化过度的必然性;在行业表现出产品设计信息的高度依赖性和信息较难写入介质等特性时,组织模块化将难以开展,并由此影响组织价值创新,也进一步明确了模块化的行业适用范畴。     

基于产品创新的管理集成及其实施结构体系研究

本文简单地概括了国内外产品创新中管理集成的研究现状,分析了产品创新中管理集成的内涵,揭示了管理集成与信息集成、过程集成和企业集成等相关概念之间的区别和联系,提出了基于产品创新的管理集成实施的结构体系,指出这个结构体系是由核心层、使能层和技术支撑层构成的,并对其内容进行了详细的阐述。     

制造业项目结构分解过程模型研究

针对项目分解中工作分解结构方法的不足,以制造业项目为例,考虑项目产品本身的构造及特点的基础上,综合项目产品的工艺装配过程、产品数据管理技术以及项目组织结构,构建了项目结构分解的过程模型,并对该模型进行了详细分析,应用该模型能够更加科学、合理地进行项目分解,确定项目范围。