反垄断法中相关市场的界定标准

相关市场是竞争法中的基础性概念,对所有限制竞争行为的讨论都必须以界定相关市场为基础。相关市场又分为相关产品市场、相关地理市场和相关时间市场。结合相关案例和经济学理论对三种市场进行讨论,可以为我国反垄断立法中关于相关市场的立法和执法提供借鉴。     

Joint tests of non-nested models and general error specifications

This paper is concerned with joint tests of non-nested models and simultaneous departures from homoskedasticity, serial independence and normality of the disturbance terms. Locally equivalent alternative models are used to construct joint tests since they provide a convenient way to incorporate more than one type of departure from the classical conditions. The joint tests represent a simple asymptotic solution to the “pre-testing” problem in the context of non-nested linear regression models. Our simulation results indicate that the proposed tests have good finite sample properties.     

Pre—Invex函数的择一性定理

本文提出了一种予一仿射函数的概念,並进而讨论了关于予——不变凸函数与予——仿射函数的择一性定理,这些结论拓广和改进了关于凸函数不等式系统的几个Fan.ky定理。     

全球替代性食物体系综述

在世界各地,农业食品领域的工业化造成了日益严重的环境、经济和社会问题,如环境污染、 大量碳排放、食品安全危机、小农边缘化和小农生计的难以维系。 为了应对这些问题,多个国家的不同 群体建立了多种多样的替代性食物体系,如社区支持农业、农夫市集、共同购买、社区菜园等。 替代性食 物体系自 2009 年进入中国至今已有十年,获得了较大发展。 然而,国内研究较少关注国际替代性食物 体系产生的背景及理念。 文章从替代食物体系的产生和发展、主要特征、国内外差异以及学术界的批判 等几个方面进行概述,全面介绍相关的关键问题和概念,为推动国内替代性食物体系研究的发展助力。     

论金融消费者的替代性纠纷解决机制

后危机时代金融消费者保护的重要性突显,如何为金融消费者提供灵活多元的救济途径是理论界和学术界关注的热点。发达资本主义国家早对金融消费者替代性纠纷处理机制进行了探索,形成了许多有益经验,相比之下,我国金融消费者纠纷处理机制单一,缺乏灵活性和实效性。在金融市场的迅速发展的背景下,我国有必要借鉴他国经验,将金融消费者保护作为金融监管的首要基础价值,建立统一的金融纠纷处理中心,整合现有的资源,制定严格和完善的纠纷解决程序,实现保护金融消费者的监管目标。     

A play for rurality – Modernization versus local autonomy

It is common to understand the governing of rural space as the outcome of a conflict between some romantic protectors of a lost past on the one hand, and the people who worry about creating economic values on the other. However, the power to shape the rural should not only be searched for in the open struggle between protectors and developers, but also should be analysed at the level of discourse, in the play between discourses about how to deal with the rural. In this paper I therefore present a modernist discourse and demonstrate how taken-for-granted truths about the rural – its history, its present and its future – are made possible by this discourse. Secondly, I will reveal how rurality takes on a different meaning in an alternative to the modernist discourse, emphasizing local and regional autonomy. In demonstrating that rurality is contingent upon a play between these two discourses, I want to provide some new insights into an important force behind the persistence of ideas about rurality in Norway.     

On some aspects of a generalized alternative zero-inflated logarithmic series distribution

Here, we consider a generalized form of the alternative zero-inflated logarithmic series distribution of Kumar and Riyaz (J. Statist. Comp. Simul., 2015) and study some of its important aspects. The parameters of the distribution are estimated by the method of maximum likelihood and some test procedures are developed for testing the significance of the additional parameter of the model. All these estimation and testing procedures are illustrated with the help of certain real life datasets. A simulation study is also carried out for assessing the performance of the estimators.     

Kind discipline: Developing a conceptual model of a promising school discipline approach

This formative evaluation develops a novel conceptual model for a discipline approach fostering intrinsic motivation and positive relationships in schools. We used concept mapping to elicit and integrate perspectives on kind discipline from teachers, administrators, and other school staff. Three core themes describing kind discipline emerged from 11 identified clusters: (1) proactively developing a positive school climate, (2) responding to conflict with empathy, accountability, and skill, and (3) supporting staff skills in understanding and sharing expectations. We mapped the identified components of kind discipline onto a social ecological model and found that kind discipline encompasses all levels of that model including the individual, relational, environmental/structural, and even community levels. This contrasts with the dominant individual-behavioral discipline approaches that focus on fewer levels and may not lead to sustained student and staff motivation. The findings illustrate the importance of setting and communicating clear expectations and the need for them to be collaboratively developed. Products of the analysis and synthesis reported here are operationalized materials for teachers grounded in a “be kind” culture code for classrooms.     

语境论的修正及其对怀疑论难题的解决

认识的语境论在回应怀疑论难题的过程中,出现了多种修正的形式,包括以相对标准修正的语境论,以事实作为原因修正的语境论,以妥协方式修正的语境论,以证据修正的语境论,以预设修正的语境论。这些不同形式的语境论遇到了"斑马悖论"和摩尔主义的反驳,但语境论者认为这两个反驳不一定有效,正是它们忽视了语境的作用,才导致悖论的出现,要解决怀疑论难题,还得回到特定语境中去。