Not a lonely crowd? Social connectedness,religious service attendance,and the spiritual but not religious

Using the 2006–2014 General Social Survey and 2006–2012 Portraits of American Life Study, I find that on three dimensions of social connectedness: social interaction frequency, core discussion network size, and number of close ties, that religious service attenders are more connected than religious non-attenders and then either spiritual nor religious, but there are few differences between attenders and the spiritual but not religious. Difference-in-differences and fixed-effects models show little evidence that switches between categories are associated with changes in connectedness, and additional models show that prior social connectedness explains only a small amount of future switches. This paper challenges assumptions that the non-religious are a homogenous group lacking the benefits provided though the social networks of religious congregations and has implications for research on what it means to be spiritual, measuring religion and spirituality, and understanding the role of formal organizations in social life.     

企业集团成长模式与上市国有企业多元化行为研究

鉴于我国企业集团历史背景的特殊性,主要以企业资源依存理论为基础,以集团公司为研究核心,选取2007～2009年在沪、深上市的国有企业以及国有企业集团作为研究样本,运用二项回归与多元回归分析等多种方法,对我国企业集团的集团公司成长模式与上市国有企业的多元化行为进行了理论与实证分析。研究结果表明,企业集团是我国国有企业的一种快速成长模式,其成长与企业多元化行为高度正相关;国家资源调配的政策导向对国有企业集团的战略导向和组织结构设计有重要影响,但企业集团的产品多元化程度与企业绩效不相关。     

企业集团边界问题的研究扩展——以亚洲四国企业集团为例

作为新兴市场国家的一种重要组织形式,企业集团引起了众多学者的研究兴趣。本研究首先阐述了由企业集团的边界界定所引发的理论研究问题,然后从国内外关于企业集团的定义,成员公司的联结,基于制度经济理论以及资源理论的企业集团化的正效应,与基于委托代理理论的企业集团化负效应,以及实证研究等方面,对比不同国家的研究结果,对由企业集团边界界定模糊引起的研究差异进行了分析与总结,并对我国企业集团的未来研究方向进行了展望。     

Bringing nations in: Some methodological and conceptual issues in connecting feminisms with nationhood and nationalisms

The recent explosion of case studies about women's involvements in national projects reveals considerable diversity ranging from hostility and alienation, to affiliation or participation. Feminist analysis is just starting to explore the causes and effects of such diversity, however, since a single, common relationship usually was theorized between ‘gender’ and ‘nation’. This article addresses some methodological and conceptual issues concerning the systematic comparison of these diverse relationships. It is argued that comparison is required to explain ‘linkages between ideologies, religions and conflicts’ from a gendered perspective and to incorporate the wide variety of women's experiences regarding national projects.

Especially significant in this diversity is that, while national projects in ‘the West’ are rarely a site for women's liberation and most ‘western’ feminists are alienated from nationalism, globally women are more often mobilized by national projects than any other form of politics (Bystydzienski 1992). Moreover, some women's movements affiliate with national projects with positive outcomes. To understand how women's diverse involvements in national projects affect domestic and international conflicts, we need to identify factors producing this diversity in gender/nation relationships. The article reports on a ‘test’ of six hypotheses concerning three modal cases drawn from a larger project eventually concerning thirty countries.