农民工流动的成本收益分析

在对农民工在农村和城市的生产生活成本和收益进行分析的基础上,构建了农民工流动的成本收益模型。分析了工资收入水平、流出地区农民收益差异、非经济成本、社会收益等影响农民工流动迁移决策的因素,及各因素之间的关系,探讨了农民工流动的机理。     

The influence of risk and protective factors on burnout experienced by those who work with maltreated children

The aim of the study was to explore the degree (and type) of burnout and trauma symptoms, personal histories and coping strategies retrospectively reported by those who work with maltreated children and their families. A self‐selected sample of workers (N = 44) completed a self‐report questionnaire assessing childhood maltreatment, family background characteristics, current adjustment, coping strategies and burnout. Workers reported high levels of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization, and a low to moderate sense of personal accomplishment. Family background characteristics predicted the occurrence of maltreatment and current adjustment, and a personal history of maltreatment predicted current trauma symptoms, but not burnout. Workers most frequently used problem‐focused coping strategies and sought social support; however, coping strategies were not associated with the level of either trauma symptoms or burnout. Despite employing positive coping strategies, their efficacy may be affected by other interpersonal, intra‐individual and job resource issues. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Factors Associated with Having Flextime: A Focus on Married Workers

To examine flexible work scheduling of married workers a conceptual framework was developed and tested using the 1997 Current Population Survey Work Schedules Supplement. Odds of flextime use were higher for married males, non-Hispanic whites, those with relatively higher levels of education and income, those with a preschool aged child, residents of the Midwest or West (as compared with the South), managers or professionals, and employees of the federal government.     

知情同意原则和医务人员的素质

从知情同意的兴起、发展和现状可以看出:知情同意作为规范医患关系的一项伦理道德原则,对医务人员提出越来越高的素质要求。试图探讨医务人员应具备的基本素质,以便更好地贯彻实施知情同意,减少医患纠纷。     

“推力”、“拉力”之外更需“助力”——中国农民工市民化之历史蜕变途径浅探

中国城市化进程中数以亿计的农民工在农村之“推力”与城市之“拉力”下,进入城市,他们能否完成由农民到市民的历史蜕变,是关系到我国的现代化与和谐社会建设的重大问题。由于后发展国家政府导向的前瞻性与我国的国情及时代之要求,我们不能走西方国家的自然转化之路,只能发挥后发优势,由政府与社会对此历史进程加以“助力”,使之在较短时间内顺利完成此历史蜕变。     

Making the Best of a Bad Job? Female Part‐Timers’ Orientations and Attitudes to Work

This article uses data from 50 qualitative interviews with female part‐time workers in low‐level jobs in Britain to illustrate their attitudes, orientations and aspirations towards paid work. The research reports two main findings. Firstly, even female part‐time workers at the bottom end of the occupational structure are not a homogeneous group of workers. Secondly, they are not all highly satisfied with their jobs. The article argues that many women (especially those in working‐class households) still do not have a genuine choice between ‘family work’ and ‘market work’. It concludes by presenting a theoretical model of orientations to work.     

江苏省基层医务人员工作压力研究

对905名基层医务人员进行问卷调查,了解基层医务人员工作压力情况及其影响因素,为建立适合基层卫生机构的良性人才发展机制提供依据。基层医务人员整体工作压力得分为56.54分;单因素方差分析显示,不同性别、年龄、婚姻状况、学历、职称、机构类型、工作量、工作年数、受患者尊重程度和社会地位的医务人员工作压力得分差异具有统计学意义;多元线性回归分析结果显示,社会地位、工作量、工作年数、受患者尊重程度、最高学历和性别对基层医务人员工作压力的影响具有统计学意义。需要着重关注乡镇卫生院医生的工作压力情况,重点应放在提升基层医务人员社会地位、及时关注中坚力量等方面,从而减轻其工作压力,提高工作积极性。     

农民工市民化的成本与收益：研究评述与理论框架构建

农民工市民化不仅存在成本,收益也不容忽视。在成本与收益进行比较分析后,才能更加合理地分摊市民化的成本,推进高质高效的市民化。首先,从农民工市民化的成本、收益、成本与收益的关系、成本分摊机制等方面对已有文献进行了梳理总结。其次,首次总结了农民工市民化成本与收益关系中的两大矛盾：农民工个人福利最大化与社会福利最大化不一致的矛盾、农民工市民化成本与收益同期不匹配的矛盾,并构建了一个以矛盾为导向的分摊成本与收益的理论框架。最后,分析了以往文献中存在的问题,并对未来的研究提出了展望。     

基于ROS平台的机械臂精确控制研究

基于我国东部农民工城市创业数据的分析,考察农民工城市创业历程（包括初次创业和调查时点的此次创业）是否受其人力资本的影响。结果表明：人力资本对于农民工进入初次创业与进入此次创业转折点均有显著影响。由此,应尽快制定与完善相关政策（包括加强学历教育、职业教育与创业教育等）,帮助农民工开启城市创业,并促使创业者尽快实现由生存型创业向发展型创业的转化。     

基于三维虚拟环境的机器人运动学分析与轨迹规划

农民工市民化意愿主要包括就业意愿、生活意愿、定居意愿、户籍意愿和身份意愿。农民工人力资本和社会资本对其市民化意愿具有显著影响。包括农民工年龄、健康状况、受教育程度、在职培训、技能水平在内的人力资本,通过就业效应、融合效应、保障效应和学习效应,对农民工市民化产生重要影响;包括农民工社会关系网络广度、网络深度、网络资源三方面内容的社会资本,通过信息效应、信贷效应、心理支持效应等多种机制对农民工市民化产生重要影响。需要通过提高技能水平、加强在职培训、提高健康水平、提高受教育程度、优化年龄结构等措施,提高农民工人力资本存量;通过增加社会关系网络资源、深化网络深度、扩大网络广度等措施,提高农民工社会资本存量,从而提高农民工市民化意愿。