维吾尔语言文字广告表达与其风俗习惯关系初探

维语广告与维吾尔族风俗习惯存在碰撞和交融。一方面，维吾尔族风俗习惯对维语广告的表达具有潜移默化的作用，使之呈现出独特的审美意蕴；另一方面，维语广告对维吾尔族风俗习惯有着不容忽视的改变，展现并促进着它们由传统向现代转型。二者相辅相成，共同将维语广告的发展推向一个更成熟、更有效的境界。     

我国农村人口出生性别比偏高的动力机制研究

B超的滥用、强烈的男孩偏好以及对非法流产行为监控的失效共同构成我国出生性别比偏高的充要条件,三者中任一条件不满足都不可能出现出生性别比偏高。尽管B超发明和滥用前出生性别比并没有异常,但也不能说出生性别比偏高与受教育水平、传统文化等因素无关。事实上,这些因素通过影响男孩偏好和B超的可获得性而影响出生性别比。由此出发,促进出生性别比回复正常,短期内应标本兼治,以治标为主———坚决禁止B超的滥用,关键是加强立法和管理;长期内则必须治本———消除男孩偏好,关键是加速农村城市化。     

Ordinal utility models of decision making under uncertainty

This paper studies two models of rational behavior under uncertainty whose predictions are invariant under ordinal transformations of utility. The quantile utility model assumes that the agent maximizes some quantile of the distribution of utility. The utility mass model assumes maximization of the probability of obtaining an outcome whose utility is higher than some fixed critical value. Both models satisfy weak stochastic dominance. Lexicographic refinements satisfy strong dominance.The study of these utility models suggests a significant generalization of traditional ideas of riskiness and risk preference. We define one action to be riskier than another if the utility distribution of the latter crosses that of the former from below. The single crossing property is equivalent to a minmax spread of a random variable. With relative risk defined by the single crossing criterion, the risk preference of a quantile utility maximizer increases with the utility distribution quantile that he maximizes. The risk preference of a utility mass maximizer increases with his critical utility value.     

Any complete preference structure without circuit admits an interval representation

This article proves that all complete preference structures where the strict preference relation (P) has no circuit admit a representation by intervals of the real line; the rule for deciding whether an interval is indifferent or preferred to another is less straightforward than for interval orders: strict preference is indeed compatible with a certain degree of overlapping of intervals, the allowed degree being specified by means of a so-called tolerance function.     

A Theory of Rational Choice under Ignorance

This paper contributes to a theory of rational choice for decision-makers with incomplete preferences due to partial ignorance, whose beliefs are representable as sets of acceptable priors. We focus on the limiting case of `Complete Ignorance' which can be viewed as reduced form of the general case of partial ignorance. Rationality is conceptualized in terms of a `Principle of Preference-Basedness', according to which rational choice should be isomorphic to asserted preference. The main result characterizes axiomatically a new choice-rule called `Simultaneous Expected Utility Maximization'. It can be interpreted as agreement in a bargaining game (Kalai-Smorodinsky solution) whose players correspond to the (extremal) `acceptable priors' among which the decision maker has suspended judgment. An essential but non-standard feature of Simultaneous Expected Utility choices is their dependence on the entire choice set. This is justified by the conception of optimality as compromise rather than as superiority in pairwise comparisons.     

Preference in flower visits and partitioning in pollen diets of stingless bees in an Asian tropical rain forest

Floral resource partitioning among stingless bees (Trigona, Meliponini, Apidae) in a lowland rain forest in Sarawak, Malaysia, was investigated using tree towers and walkways in a 4-year study that included a general flowering period. We obtained 100 collections of insect visitors to flowers of varying floral location and shape representing 81 plant species. The tendency of 11 species of stingless bees to visit specific flowers with a particular floral location and shape was analyzed by logistic regression analysis. This analysis showed that the proportion of flower visitor collections containing Trigona fuscobalteata and T. melanocephala differed according to floral location. The former was frequently collected at canopy and gap flowers, whereas the latter was most often collected at understory flowers. The analysis also suggested that T. erythrogastra was more rarely collected at shallow flowers than at deep flowers. Analysis of the pollen diets of T. collina, T. fuscobalteata, T. melanocephala, and T. melina revealed that similarity of pollen sources differed among the six permutated pairs of the four species. The lowest mean rank of similarity found was between T. fuscobalteata and T. melanocephala. This result supports the hypothesis that preference in visiting flowers in different locations leads to pollen resource partitioning. Received: May 14, 1997 / Accepted: April 23, 1999     

网络动态海报《随传随到》的多模态话语分析

作为数字传播时代的新兴产物,动态海报具有画面表现力强、传递信息量大、受众参与度高等特征,已广泛应用于网络广告领域。研究基于多模态话语分析综合理论框架,辅之以视觉语法理论,解析网络动态海报《随传随到》运用多模态符号资源实现的积极广告传播效果。研究发现：文化层面,意识形态是理解动态海报和实现广告传播效果的必要前提;语境层面,语境因素是动态海报产生特征和积极广告传播效果的动因;内容层面,广告传播效果取决于多模态资源在意义构建中的运用;表达层面,GIF格式文件为动态海报达到积极广告传播效果提供了技术支持。研究结合广告学知识探索了多模态话语分析在网络动态海报中的应用,旨在为动态海报的广告传播效果提供语言学解释。     

模糊群体决策方法在应急决策中的应用

目的/意义伴随着社会经济的发展,加性偏好关系下二分类群体共识决策在选调生选拔、律所实习生留用和基金项目评审等诸多现实问题均有所体现,因而需要提出针对性的分析方法。设计/方法给出了二分类选择方法,用以获得个体和群体关于备选方案集的二分类向量;给出了二分类共识方法,协助个体调整偏好,从而获得具有较高共识水平的二分类。结论/发现从最小调整成本视角,建立了加性偏好关系下二分类群体共识决策方法。所提方法可扩展应用解决多个领域中二分类群体决策问题,具备了应用上的普适性。     

金融资产收益跳跃行为的微观机制

文章发展了一个均衡模型,从微观机理角度解释了为什么资产价格会发生不频繁的跳跃行为.在该模型中,投资者学习不可直接观测的、真实的经济系统状态并为此支付成本的行为诱发了资产价格的跳跃行为.而投资者是否选择学习的行为则取决于投资者的偏好参数和收入的条件波动率.     

△-correct decision for location and scale parameters

In selecting t out of k populations, a △-correct decision is said to be made if the smallest location parameter for the selected populations is not more than △ below the largest location parameter for the non-selected populations. (For seal? parameters there is a similar definition in terms of ratio3.) The minimum probability of △-correct decision over the entire parameter pace is shown to be equal to the minimum probability of correct selection over a preference zone determined by △.