营销渠道中合同详尽性对角色外利他行为的影响——信任与投机的中介作用

以营销渠道行为理论为基础,探讨合同详尽性对经销商角色外利他行为的影响,并提出了信任与投机行为在合同详尽性与角色外利他行为关系间起中介作用。以中国家电行业经销商为调研对象,运用多元回归分析方法对660份有效问卷进行分析,研究结果表明:合同详尽性对经销商角色外利他行为具有显著的正向影响,经销商信任、供应商投机行为在合同详尽性与角色外利他行为之间起到部分中介作用。     

分与合:家族企业的策略选择——基于利他主义的思考

文章提出广泛存在于家族成员之间的利他主义具有方向性、阶段性特征,不断地随着家庭规模的变动而变动,这些变动会对家族企业产生影响.在分析利他主义及其特性、利他主义有效性与家族企业生产能力、家族规模的关系之后,阐述了家族企业的分与合的策略选择、实施条件和应该注意的问题,并用案例进行进一步的说明.     

道德的经济学——亲缘选择与广义效用理论

早期功利主义者认为效用不仅包括人们获得的物质利益,还包括精神上的追求和道德上的满足感。然而经济学数学化和公理化的趋势使经济学家更愿意把效用解释为物质利益上的满足,这极大地限制了经济学的解释力度。广义效用理论是在现代经济学的框架下对效用含义的扩展。通过对当前广义效用理论的回顾,结合生物学中的亲缘选择理论,提出了一个广义效用模型,并对模型的结果进行了分析。     

Strategic altruistic transfers and rent seeking within the family

This paper examines the rent-seeking behavior of “selfish” children in competing for parental transfers. The paper extends Chang and Weisman (South Econ J 71:821–836, 2005), that focuses on compensated transfers, to allow for non-compensated transfers à la Buchanan (J Law Econ 26:71–85, 1983) and derives results for the case in which children’s time contributions as perceived by their parents are a merit good (e.g., service), pure waste (e.g., bugging), or a mix of both. For an increase in the proportion of time contributions that are pure waste, parents find it optimal to reduce the size of an overall transfer, thereby lowering the levels of wasteful rent-seeking activities by their children within the family.

试析利他行为的不同类型及其原因

利他行为可区分为软利他行为和硬利他行为.软利他行为可以用人的利己心解释,而硬利他行为则否.硬利他行为又可以分为有限硬利他行为和无限硬利他行为,有限硬利他行为服从边际效用递减率,而无限硬利他行为则否.无限硬利他行为的形成与进化无法单纯用个体之间的竞争来解释,它是人类在个体之间和群体之间多个层次的竞争当中的适应性行为,是在多层竞争中形成与进化的,是多层竞争选择的结果.     

Altruism, Spite and Competition in Bargaining Games

This paper shows that altruism may be beneficial in bargaining when there is competition for bargaining partners. In a game with random proposers, the most altruistic player has the highest material payoff if players are sufficiently patient. However, this advantage is eroded as the discount factor increases, and if players are perfectly patient altruism and spite become irrelevant for material payoffs.     

略论对青少年实施利他教育的社会意义

利他教育是介于社会心理学和教育学之间的研究课题。本文认为,作为思想品德教育中的重要基本组成部分,在新的形势下有必要对青少年实施利他教育,利他教育的效果有助于加强学生的思想品德教育。同时,将社会心理学的理论应用于青少年道德价值观体系的建构,是一项值得尝试,十分有意义的探索。为此,本文首先阐释了利他行为和利他教育的定义以及在新的形式下开展利他教育的重大意义,其次是利他教育的内容,最后谈及实施利他教育应遵循的原则和方法     

Equal Division of Estates and the Exchange Motive

Abstract

Although the bequest motive is one of the most important theoretical extensions of the life-cycle hypothesis, few empirical studies have measured determinants of unequal estate division. We estimated whether several proxies that are consistent with exchange and altruism lead to unequal estate division using data from a longitudinal survey of deceased elderly persons linked to probate court records. Equal division was the rule-between 70 and 83% of estates were divided equally, depending on the strictness of the definition of equal division. Several measures of exchange were not significant predictors of unequal division. Two factors that are consistent with both exchange and altruism-writing the last will and testament within five years of death and having more children-predict unequal estate division. The models control for selection, because many decedents do not file a record in probate court.     

关于正义的互惠性概念

互惠性是正义的固有特性 ,它涉及对正义本质和基础的认识 ,但长期以来 ,道德学家们对互惠性的理解并不一致。分析批判霍布斯、叔本华、康德和罗尔斯等人的观点 ,可以看出 :互惠性是正义制度下的一种人际关系 ,包含着平等性、合作性和协调性的特征。它是正义存在和贯彻的真正基础 ,是正义的一种独立特性。     

微观主体的利他行为分析

对于利他行为,人们总是站在"经济人"的角度进行分析。这种源于一元动机驱策两种行为的分析,将各种因利他动机而产生的利他行为也解释为是为了追求自身利益的最大化。站在二元动机驱策两种行为的基础上,在理性、利他和追求团体利益最大化的假设下,文章运用"道德人"假说来解释利他行为,并建立了一个分析框架对各种利他行为进行分析。