短杆菌(Brevibacterium sp WX-10)产酶条件研究

研究了碳源、氮源、无机盐、金属离子等培养基组成和初始pH、通风量、温度等发酵条件对短杆菌(Bre vibacteriumspWX 10)产酶的影响,通过正校试验优化得到的产酶培养基组成及发酵条件:蔗糖1%,NaCl2 5%,牛肉膏0 05%,NaNO30 05%,pH7 5,500mL三角瓶装培养基50mL,30℃于220r/min旋转式摇床上培养72h.在该培养条件下WX 10产酶量是原培养条件下的1 85倍.     

元大都戏剧艺人略论

元大都辉煌的戏剧文化是杂剧家和戏剧艺人共同创造的。大都的戏剧艺人的演艺水平很高,一大批演员都具有角色行当上的专长。在大都梨园中不乏夫妻或父母子女同为艺人的,由此形成了一些艺人之家或艺人世家,元代戏剧艺人演艺水平之高,与此种现象有内在联系。此外,大都一些戏剧艺人在文学创作上也有令人瞩目的成绩。     

Food Safety Objectives Should Integrate the Variability of the Concentration of Pathogen

The World Trade Organization introduced the concept of appropriate level of protection (ALOP) as a public health target. For this public health objective to be interpretable by the actors in the food chain, the concept of food safety objective (FSO) was proposed by the International Commission on Microbiological Specifications for Foods and adopted later by the Codex Alimentarius Food Hygiene Committee. The way to translate an ALOP into a FSO is still in debate. The purpose of this article is to develop a methodological tool to derive a FSO from an ALOP being expressed as a maximal annual marginal risk. We explore the different models relating the annual marginal risk to the parameters of the FSO depending on whether the variability in the survival probability and in the concentration of the pathogen are considered or not. If they are not, determination of the FSO is straightforward. If they are, we propose to use stochastic Monte Carlo simulation models and logistic discriminant analysis in order to determine which sets of parameters are compatible with the ALOP. The logistic discriminant function was chosen such that the kappa coefficient is maximized. We illustrate this method by the example of the risks of listeriosis and salmonellosis in one type of soft cheese. We conclude that the definition of the FSO should integrate three dimensions: the prevalence of contamination, the average concentration per contaminated typical serving, and the dispersion of the concentration among those servings.     

在专业课教学中加强对大学生人文精神的培养

新世纪教育呼唤人文精神的回归。本文从人文精神的内涵入手,指出人文精神的重建是当前高等教育的重要课题;指出高校教师担负培养大学生人文精神的重要任务;提出了在专业课教学中,加强对大学生人文精神培养的方法与途径。     

信息技术、团队生产及底层员工生产组织设计

团队是企业安排底层员工生产的重要组织形式. 在生产过程中信息的产生和交流的基础 上建立了底层员工作为单个团队生产的模型. 模型分析表明, 单个团队的产出随着团队规模的 增大而增大, 但是增加团队规模的边际产出是递减的. 改进团队所运用的信息技术可以提高团 队产出的上限. 当底层员工人数众多时, 员工容易陷入信息包围之中. 分析了对底层员工进行 团队分组的必要性, 并在单个团队生产模型基础上建立了团队分组模型, 讨论了信息技术的进 步对底层员工团队小组最优规模的影响.     

大学生创新精神培养的基本点

创新是知识经济的突出特征,培养大学生的创新精神也理所当然地成为知识经济的必然要求。高等教育要成为国家创新体系中的重要方面军,就必须积极培养大学生的创新精神,尤其要在如下基本点下足功夫:组建高素质的教师队伍;深化教学改革;注重学生科研素质、创新思维的培养,充分尊重与发挥学生的创新个性;鼓励学生积极参加社会实践。