宾位数量名结构中“一”字隐现的认知研究

宾语数量名结构中“一”字的省略必然引起人的认知心理上的变化。本文试从认知语言的角度,由距离像似动因及范畴化原型理论来分析宾语数量名结构中“一”字省略后引起的句法、语法、语用等变化问题。由此得出了“一”字省略后,整个结构数量意义减弱,语法性质不活泼,搭配受到了限制,缺乏独立性,语体风格发生了变化等结论。     

Does Iconicity in Pictographs Matter? The Influence of Iconicity and Numeracy on Information Processing,Decision Making,and Liking in an Eye‐Tracking Study

Researchers recommend the use of pictographs in medical risk communication to improve people's risk comprehension and decision making. However, it is not yet clear whether the iconicity used in pictographs to convey risk information influences individuals’ information processing and comprehension. In an eye‐tracking experiment with participants from the general population (N = 188), we examined whether specific types of pictograph icons influence the processing strategy viewers use to extract numerical information. In addition, we examined the effect of iconicity and numeracy on probability estimation, recall, and icon liking. This experiment used a 2 (iconicity: blocks vs. restroom icons) × 2 (scenario: medical vs. nonmedical) between‐subject design. Numeracy had a significant effect on information processing strategy, but we found no effect of iconicity or scenario. Results indicated that both icon types enabled high and low numerates to use their default way of processing and extracting the gist of the message from the pictorial risk communication format: high numerates counted icons, whereas low numerates used large‐area processing. There was no effect of iconicity in the probability estimation. However, people who saw restroom icons had a higher probability of correctly recalling the exact risk level. Iconicity had no effect on icon liking. Although the effects are small, our findings suggest that person‐like restroom icons in pictographs seem to have some advantages for risk communication. Specifically, in nonpersonalized prevention brochures, person‐like restroom icons may maintain reader motivation for processing the risk information.     

Vagal modulation of 1‐month‐old infants to auditory stimuli is associated with self‐regulatory behavior

During infancy, cardiac vagal modulation has been associated with attentional and social engagement behaviors. While studies have shown that infants display a behavioral repertoire that enables them to interact with others by being able to regulate themselves in order to attend to and to discriminate emotional and social cues, vagal modulation to sensory stimuli and its association with behavioral outcomes at early ages remains to be addressed. In this study, we analyzed the cardiac vagal response of 1‐month‐old infants to two auditory stimuli intensities and whether vagal response was associated with social interactive and self‐regulatory abilities. Therefore, we recorded cardiac and respiratory physiological responses in 28 infants using a Biopac System. Neurobehavioral assessment was performed using the Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale. We observed increased respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) amplitude to both auditory stimuli intensities when compared to baseline. No intensity effect was found for the RSA response. Additionally, we observed that higher RSA amplitude to both auditory stimuli was positively correlated with adjusted self‐regulatory behaviors, suggesting a convergence between multiple measures assessing infants' state regulation. Results are discussed in light of 1‐month‐old infants' auditory stimuli processing and its implications for regulatory behaviors and the emergent social‐like behaviors.     

Multimodal representational gestures in the transition to multi-word productions

The aim of this study was to analyze the use of representational gestures from a multimodal point of view in the transition from one-word to multi-word constructions. Twenty-one Spanish-speaking children were observed longitudinally at 18, 21, 24, and 30 months of age. We analyzed the production of deictic, symbolic, and conventional gestures and their coordination with different verbal elements. Moreover, we explored the relationship between gestural multimodal and unimodal productions and independent measures of language development. Results showed that gesture production remains stable in the period studied. Whereas deictic gestures are frequent and mostly multimodal from the beginning, conventional gestures are rare and mainly unimodal. Symbolic gestures are initially unimodal, but between 24 and 30 months of age, this pattern reverses, with more multimodal symbolic gestures than unimodal. In addition, the frequency of multimodal representational gestures at specific ages seems to be positively related to independent measures of vocabulary and morphosyntax development. By contrast, the production of unimodal representational gestures appears negatively related to these measures. Our results suggest that multimodal representational gestures could have a facilitating role in the process of learning to combine meanings for communicative goals.     

词序像似性研究及实例分析

像似性是相对任意性而言的。语言像似性是指语言形式或结构与其所表达的概念之间存在对应关系,而词序像似性是指词的组织形式和人的认知结构之间有某种对应关系,主要受四个原则支配:顺序像似原则、距离像似原则、与说话人接近原则和文化规约像似原则。正确理解词序像似性的概念和原则,对目标语的学习有重要的指导意义。     

对语言符号任意性及象似性的再思考

从不同角度及层次重新审视语言符号的属性,得出的新结论是语言符号的任意性和象似性都是语言符号的属性,只不过是从不同角度来探讨语言符号的属性而已;就语言的单个符号而言, 任意性仍是语言符号的第一原则;但在复合词和派生词及语言组合关系及句法关系上,语言符号具有高度象似性。象似性与任意性是辩证统一的。     

语言意义的象似表征

意义的象似表征理论动摇了索绪尔语言学中任意性的定律.根据皮尔斯的符号学理论,分析了语言意义象似表征的理论基础及象似的标准,介绍了皮尔斯符号学理论在语言象似性研究中的地位及应用,指出语言的意义是通过从次象似符到真象似符的连续体上的某一象似符来表征的,并在语篇层面上通过内指象似(即语篇内部的象似)和外指象似(即语篇外部的象似)阐述了语言意义的表征过程;介绍了语篇间的象似性(即互文性),结合语用象似的观点,分析了意义在传递过程中的象似性.     

英汉音义联系的异曲同工

从书写符号来看,英语属于表音字母文字,汉语属于表意象形文字。但是从有声语言角度来看,二者都是表达语义的语音符号系统。英语与汉语音义联系研究一直各成系统,各自为政。对两种语言的音义联系研究进行系统的对比后,相隔万里的两种语言系统呈现给我们的竟是遥相呼应的异曲同工。     

论英语词汇的象似性

本文论述英语词汇的象似性。     

新闻标题的象似性分析

象似性理论的主要原则（映像象似、拟象象似和隐喻象似等）在新闻标题的句子结构、修辞、字体、排版等方面都有体现。运用象似性理论分析新闻标题,有助于帮助读者理解新闻标题的语言特点,挖掘更多新闻背后隐含的意义。