制约权力必须依靠制度——对邓小平政治体制改革理论的思考

权力需要制约。邓小平不主张照搬西方那套权力制约体制,但他十分赞成对权力进行制约,猛烈抨击滥用权力造成的种种弊端。制约权力不能靠人治,道德自律和纵向权力制约固然有一定的作用,但关键要靠制度。要建立和健全一系列制约权力的获得、权力的行使、权力运行后果的制度,在党内外自下而上逐步推行选举制,建立群众不信任票达一定比例必须引咎辞职的制度,建立弹劾罢免制度以及严格的任期制,切实执行重大过错责任追究制,保证人民赋予的权力服务于人民。     

Horwitz's rule, transforming both sides and the design of experiments for mechanistic models

Summary. The paper develops methods for the design of experiments for mechanistic models when the response must be transformed to achieve symmetry and constant variance. The power transformation that is used is partially justified by a rule in analytical chemistry. Because of the nature of the relationship between the response and the mechanistic model, it is necessary to transform both sides of the model. Expressions are given for the parameter sensitivities in the transformed model and examples are given of optimum designs, not only for single-response models, but also for experiments in which multivariate responses are measured and for experiments in which the model is defined by a set of differential equations which cannot be solved analytically. The extension to designs for checking models is discussed.     

An Additive–Multiplicative Restricted Mean Residual Life Model

The mean residual life measures the expected remaining life of a subject who has survived up to a particular time. When survival time distribution is highly skewed or heavy tailed, the restricted mean residual life must be considered. In this paper, we propose an additive–multiplicative restricted mean residual life model to study the association between the restricted mean residual life function and potential regression covariates in the presence of right censoring. This model extends the proportional mean residual life model using an additive model as its covariate dependent baseline. For the suggested model, some covariate effects are allowed to be time‐varying. To estimate the model parameters, martingale estimating equations are developed, and the large sample properties of the resulting estimators are established. In addition, to assess the adequacy of the model, we investigate a goodness of fit test that is asymptotically justified. The proposed methodology is evaluated via simulation studies and further applied to a kidney cancer data set collected from a clinical trial.     

话题结构中ATB移位现象的最简探索

在英语并列疑问句中，存在着ATB(Across the Board)移位现象。汉语作为Wh in situ的语言，不允许疑问词提升。但是通过对实际的语料分析发现，在汉语某些宾语前置的话题结构中，同样存在着ATB式移位。文章通过分析这些结构的句法特征和生成机制，证明了在汉语中同样存在着ATB移位现象，并通过对比不同语言中话题化结构的特点，进而证明了ATB移位具有跨语言的普遍特性。     

Testing for Serial Independence: Beyond the Portmanteau Approach

Portmanteau tests are typically used to test serial independence even if, by construction, they are generally powerful only in presence of pairwise dependence between lagged variables. In this article, we present a simple statistic defining a new serial independence test, which is able to detect more general forms of dependence. In particular, differently from the Portmanteau tests, the resulting test is powerful also under a dependent process characterized by pairwise independence. A diagram, based on p-values from the proposed test, is introduced to investigate serial dependence. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposal is evaluated in a simulation study and with an application on financial data. Both show that the new test, used in synergy with the existing ones, helps in the identification of the true data-generating process. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.     

进一步完善死刑复核程序的几点思考

本文认为,在法律制度缺乏明确规定的情况下,要想推动死刑复核权的收回工作,实现收回死刑复核权的目的,必须进一步完善死刑复核程序即明确规定死刑复核的内容、方式与期限,完善死刑复核程序中的证据制度、辩护制度和检察监督制度。     

在考查课中贯彻素质教育思想的实践

素质教育应贯穿于整个教育过程之中。在考查课中贯彻素质教育的思想，由于没有考试的压力，更容易调动学员学习的积极性，只要方法得当，会取得很好的效果。     

New High-Speed Computing Devices

“One method of error analysis (not the one we will use) is based upon the principles of mathematical statistics. Unfortunately, statistical methods can only be meaningfully applied when one has large amounts of data for a given system. In many cases … these large quantities of data are not available … then statistical methods are not applicable, and some other methods must be devised.”     

高校教学人员编制管理探讨

高校教学人员编制占学校人员编制总数的一半以上，是高校编制工作的重要组成部分。文章从教学人员编制的本质入手，分析了目前普遍采用的教学人员编制核算方案，进而对高校教学人员编制的管理与核算工作提出了一些建议。     

Two ways of modelling overdispersion in non-normal data

For non-normal data assumed to have distributions, such as the Poisson distribution, which have an a priori dispersion parameter, there are two ways of modelling overdispersion: by a quasi-likelihood approach or with a random-effect model. The two approaches yield different variance functions for the response, which may be distinguishable if adequate data are available. The epilepsy data of Thall and Vail and the fabric data of Bissell are used to exemplify the ideas.