The context of employment discrimination: interpreting the findings of a field experiment

Although field experiments have documented the contemporary relevance of discrimination in employment, theories developed to explain the dynamics of differential treatment cannot account for differences across organizational and institutional contexts. In this article, I address this shortcoming by presenting the main empirical findings from a multi‐method research project, in which a field experiment of ethnic discrimination in the Norwegian labour market was complemented with forty‐two in‐depth interviews with employers who were observed in the first stage of the study. While the experimental data support earlier findings in documenting that ethnic discrimination indeed takes place, the qualitative material suggests that theorizing in the field experiment literature have been too concerned with individual and intra‐psychic explanations. Discriminatory outcomes in employment processes seems to be more dependent on contextual factors such as the number of applications received, whether requirements are specified, and the degree to which recruitment procedures are formalized. I argue that different contexts of employment provide different opportunity structures for discrimination, a finding with important theoretical and methodological implications.     

Automobile prices and protection: The U.S.-Japan trade restraint

We examine the effects of the U.S.-Japan trade restraint on automobile prices and quality upgrading, for both Japanese imports and American small cars. From April 1981 to April 1984 the suggested retail price of all Japanese models increased by 15.8 percent, or 5.3 percent per year. We find that nearly the entire amount of this rise can be explained by the upgrading of individual models. This upgrading may benefit consumers who would purchase a luxury import in any case, but harms those who desire the basic imports. In addition to upgrading, we conclude that a second cost of the trade restraint has been to prevent the yen depreciation from being passed onto American consumers, in terms of lower imported auto prices. For U.S. small cars we find a 9.1 percent rise in the suggested retail price, or 3 percent per year, with a fraction of this amount due to model upgrading. If the yen depreciation had led to lower import prices without the trade restraint, then we expect that U.S. auto prices would have been lower, too.     

渝西经济走廊县域产业结构:一些发现及解释

应用对应分析方法对渝西经济走廊各区市县的三次产业结构进行了实证研究,分析了该经济区产业结构及发展水平的县域差异,同时发现该经济区三次产业结构总体上呈"三足鼎立"的均衡格局,据此提出了调整产业结构、促进工业化与城镇化协同发展的四大策略:结构趋异、产业集群、人口聚集和商贸拓展。     

Cumulative correspondence analysis using orthogonal polynomials

Taguchi's statistic has long been known to be a more appropriate measure of association of the dependence for ordinal variables compared to the Pearson chi-squared statistic. Therefore, there is some advantage in using Taguchi's statistic in the correspondence analysis context when a two-way contingency table consists at least of an ordinal categorical variable. The aim of this paper, considering the contingency table with two ordinal categorical variables, is to show a decomposition of Taguchi's index into linear, quadratic and higher-order components. This decomposition has been developed using Emerson's orthogonal polynomials. Moreover, two case studies to explain the methodology have been analyzed.     

康定市吉居藏语所属问题

本文针对分布在四川甘孜州康定市吉居乡的藏族语言进行分析。吉居话的语言所属在以往研究里没有共识,有属于扎巴语的意见和属于康巴藏语的意见。通过与藏文的对比,可见该语言为一个属于康巴藏语崩波岗方言群的土话,并非木雅语或扎巴语。基于与吉居话周边土话的比较,我们提出吉居话属于崩波岗方言群雅砻江组的假设性结论。本文的分析方法亦能作为识别康巴藏语中方言所属的参考。     

网络传播中“情绪对应”现象与效应分析——基于《今日头条》样本数据的实证挖掘

基于网络传播大数据的实证分析显示,“情绪对应”不仅是一种整体意义上的强效果论,而且还在相当大的程度上体现出鲜明的甚至可预测的作用关系。分别从标题情绪促发的评论情绪的概率矩阵、评论情绪回溯的标题情绪概率矩阵进行分析。实证考察的详细结果显示：各种情绪的帖子和评论在绝对比重和相对比重上,都显现出相同情绪之间的对应和对称。情绪在网络“意见”和“议程”等内容传播层面需突出其系统性涉及的本体地位,加强从“信息的内容”向“信息的形式”的延展,强调情绪形式及其关系中的主体间性和传受间性。     

商务英语信函写作中的语用含糊

在写作商务英语信函时必须准确运用语言 ,以免对方误解 ,已成为业内人士的共识。然而 ,恰当地利用语用含糊 ,经常能够产生积极的效果。在商务信函交往中 ,语用含糊的使用可以实现以下策略 :礼貌策略 ,自我保护策略和要约策略等。这些策略的实施有助于交易双方完成有效的商务交易     

创业企业的成长动力探析

创业企业的成长,具有不同于一般企业的特殊性。创业企业由成立转向成长,"持续创新"的动力起到关键作用。从企业成长的资源决定论出发,分析由制度环境、社会网络、创业者、信息、风险资金、技术或管理成果等等组成的创业企业成长的动力系统。不确定性往往会给创业企业的成长动力带来"侵蚀"效应。进行"战略因应式"变革或创新,是应对不确定性,保证企业持续成长的有效途径。     

文化语境中的商务英语函电文体特征研究

商务英语函电在贸易活动中有着重要的地位,其阅读翻译和写作各方面都受文化语境的影响。从语言、语篇、语法和词汇四方面分析英语函电的文体特征,并总结文化语境对其影响作用。