Race, Risk, and the Emergence of Gender Boundaries: Kids Crossing Boundaries in Summer Camps

My study explores how children established and crossed gender boundaries in four recreational settings with different racial compositions and patterns. Children generally marked boys' gender boundary crossing as more deviant than girls' crossing. However, the amount of gender salience structured into each setting and the salience of race in each setting affected campers' perceptions of the risks from gender boundary crossing and, thus, their strategies for crossing. My findings suggest that the perceived race of the actor may be less important than the race of the audience. Also crucial are the ways in which race category membership gives meaning to gender boundaries and to gender deviance in a particular situation.     

Assessment of modeling longitudinal binary data based on graphical methods

Longitudinal categorical data are commonly applied in a variety of fields and are frequently analyzed by generalized estimating equation (GEE) method. Prior to making further inference based on the GEE model, the assessment of model fit is crucial. Graphical techniques have long been in widespread use for assessing the model adequacy. We develop alternative graphical approaches utilizing plots of marginal model-checking condition and local mean deviance to assess the GEE model with logit link for longitudinal binary responses. The applications of the proposed procedures are illustrated through two longitudinal binary datasets.     

Bivariate symbolic regression models for interval-valued variables

Interval-valued variables have become very common in data analysis. Up until now, symbolic regression mostly approaches this type of data from an optimization point of view, considering neither the probabilistic aspects of the models nor the nonlinear relationships between the interval response and the interval predictors. In this article, we formulate interval-valued variables as bivariate random vectors and introduce the bivariate symbolic regression model based on the generalized linear models theory which provides much-needed exibility in practice. Important inferential aspects are investigated. Applications to synthetic and real data illustrate the usefulness of the proposed approach.     

失范范畴的理论演化

法国学者对失范理论作出了开创性的贡献:马里.居友把失范理解为一种有创造力的新生事物,强调了失范的正功能;涂尔干认为失范已成为任何解组形式或者是缺乏凝聚力的表现。美国学者默顿认为失范是指文化目标与制度性手段的不平衡,并阐述了个人适应模式;索罗尔关心的是个体层面上的失范,通过五种失范的维度构建起失范量表。失范是一个动态的、多义的理论范畴,西方学者对失范范畴的讨论经历了由抽象到具体、由理解性的概念到可测量的指标的过程。社会失范概念的内涵分可为微观和宏观两个层面:宏观层面的失范是社会规范、制度体系的稳定性与社会秩序问题,主要指社会规范系统的瓦解状态,即社会解组;微观层面的失范主要指社会团体或社会成员的失范行为,它与越轨行为是同义语。前者是失范行为产生的宏观社会背景条件;后者是规范对象与执行者的失范,是一个社会产生解组的外在表现。宏观层面的规范解组与微观层面的行为越轨是理解失范范畴的两个核心概念。     

网络越轨及其调控

随着网络的产生、运用和发展 ,网络社会便成了与现实社会相并存的一个虚拟社会。在这个虚拟的社会中同样存在着扰乱和破坏网络社会秩序的网络越轨行为。从社会越轨的相关理论出发 ,认真地分析网络越轨的内涵、特征、表现 ,并研究对其控制措施     

VARIATIONAL BAYESIAN ANALYSIS FOR HIDDEN MARKOV MODELS

The variational approach to Bayesian inference enables simultaneous estimation of model parameters and model complexity. An interesting feature of this approach is that it also leads to an automatic choice of model complexity. Empirical results from the analysis of hidden Markov models with Gaussian observation densities illustrate this. If the variational algorithm is initialized with a large number of hidden states, redundant states are eliminated as the method converges to a solution, thereby leading to a selection of the number of hidden states. In addition, through the use of a variational approximation, the deviance information criterion for Bayesian model selection can be extended to the hidden Markov model framework. Calculation of the deviance information criterion provides a further tool for model selection, which can be used in conjunction with the variational approach.     

Identity Work,Techniques of Neutralization,and Deviance: Exploring the Relationship Among Older Adult Gamblers

This study investigates the value of techniques of neutralization in understanding how people involved in marginal to widely deviant behaviors perform identity work. Based on 33 in‐depth interviews with older adult gamblers, we show how techniques of neutralization are used to align personal and social identities. We describe the techniques of neutralizations our participants use along a continuum of gambling involvement, showing how techniques differ in variety and content and are contingent on larger narratives about appropriate behaviors, identities, and selves operating in contemporary society. Our research helps to refine sociologists' understandings of relationships between levels of involvement in deviant behaviors and identity work.     

Fighting with Oneself to Maintain the Interaction Order: A Sociological Approach to Self‐Injury Daily Process

This article proposes an interactionist approach to self‐injury behavior in youth. Mostly based on in‐depth interviews with seventy people who self‐harm or who have self‐harmed at some point in their lives, it describes the process of daily self‐injuring. It shows that this practice consists less in the self‐harm in itself than in a liminal emotional state, composed of several successive steps, and that self‐injury makes sense because concerned individuals subjectively see it as the most practical of known activities for releasing emotional troubles, then maintaining the interaction order surrounding them.