‘There Oughtta Be a Law Against Bitches’: Masculinity Lessons in Police Academy Training

This article draws on participant observation in a law enforcement academy to demonstrate how a hidden curriculum encourages aspects of hegemonic masculinity among recruits. Academy training teaches female and male recruits that masculinity is an essential requirement for the practice of policing and that women do not belong. By watching and learning from instructors and each other, male students developed a form of masculinity that (1) excluded women students and exaggerated differences between them and men; and (2) denigrated women in general. Thus, the masculinity that is characteristic of police forces and is partly responsible for women’s low representation on them is not produced exclusively on the job, but is taught in police academies as a subtext of professional socialization.     

隐性课程：一种重要的德育资源

隐性课程是一种重要的德育资源 ,它广泛存在于学校校园与课堂环境中 ,并发挥独特的德育影响。其特点主要表现为德育影响目标的“宽泛化”、影响内容的“整体化”及影响方式的“生活化”。实践中 ,隐性课程的德育影响不是自发的 ,它是以现代德育理念为先导的自觉活动的产物。     

论侵占罪中的遗忘物与埋藏物

侵占遗忘物和埋藏物是侵占罪的两个特殊类型。遗忘物是指持有人有意识地放置于某一特定场所,由于疏忽而忘记带走,而为该特定场所的特定人员所控制的动产,不包括遗失物。埋藏物是指埋没或隐藏于地下或他物之中的物,包括隐藏物。     

Conditional Likelihood Estimators for Hidden Markov Models and Stochastic Volatility Models

ABSTRACT.  This paper develops a new contrast process for parametric inference of general hidden Markov models, when the hidden chain has a non-compact state space. This contrast is based on the conditional likelihood approach, often used for ARCH-type models. We prove the strong consistency of the conditional likelihood estimators under appropriate conditions. The method is applied to the Kalman filter (for which this contrast and the exact likelihood lead to asymptotically equivalent estimators) and to the discretely observed stochastic volatility models.     

Utilizing social media for social work: insights from clients in online youth services

ABSTRACT

This study explored and conceptualised service users’ experiences in online outreach projects supported by the Hong Kong SAR government. Fifteen active users were interviewed. The study used thematic analysis to explore service users’ experiences that might not have been possible without technology. Participant utterances were non-mutually-exclusively tagged with a specific theme. Each utterance reflected an aspect of user experience which combined a technical component with a service-need component. Six themes were identified, including: (i) Personalised newsfeeds help identify service information and news, (ii) Online status indicators improve service accessibility, (iii) Online communications enable a disinhibition effect, (iv) Asynchronous communications facilitate continual feedback loops, (v) Incomplete communicative modalities may cause misunderstanding and (vi) Asynchronous communication may disrupt conversations. The findings reveal that there are middle-level concepts between broad social work concepts and ever-changing technology. Implications for research and practice are discussed.     

A semi-parametric method for estimating the beta coefficients of the hidden two-sided asset return jumps

ABSTRACT

We introduce a new methodology for estimating the parameters of a two-sided jump model, which aims at decomposing the daily stock return evolution into (unobservable) positive and negative jumps as well as Brownian noise. The parameters of interest are the jump beta coefficients which measure the influence of the market jumps on the stock returns, and are latent components. For this purpose, at first we use the Variance Gamma (VG) distribution which is frequently used in modeling financial time series and leads to the revelation of the hidden market jumps' distributions. Then, our method is based on the central moments of the stock returns for estimating the parameters of the model. It is proved that the proposed method provides always a solution in terms of the jump beta coefficients. We thus achieve a semi-parametric fit to the empirical data. The methodology itself serves as a criterion to test the fit of any sets of parameters to the empirical returns. The analysis is applied to NASDAQ and Google returns during the 2006–2008 period.     

略论隐性课程与高校思想政治教育

隐性课程是教育者通过教育环境有意或无意地传递给学生的情感、态度、价值、信仰等非公开性的经验。隐性课程对高校思想政治教育的启发有以下四个方面：划军高校校园环境的育人功能;完善高校思想政治教育工作者的道德形象和人格形象;重视高校学生社团的作用;发挥哲学社会科学在思想政治教育中的渗透作用。     

契科夫笔下“小人物”的解构

契科夫是十九世纪俄国批判现实主义作家。他在作品中塑造了众多的“小人物”形象。这些“小人物”身上具有一些共性：人性的异化与思想的套子,而这些共性对于今天的我们具有警示作用。     

医学教育中隐性课程的相关性研究

近年来,隐性课程的研究成为一个热点问题,特别是在高等教育领域备受关注。从教育界对隐性课程的研究角度（隐性课程的概念、特征、功能、建设与管理几个方面）切入,对实践中存在的一些问题进行分析,以期对以后的研究有所帮助。     

VARIATIONAL BAYESIAN ANALYSIS FOR HIDDEN MARKOV MODELS

The variational approach to Bayesian inference enables simultaneous estimation of model parameters and model complexity. An interesting feature of this approach is that it also leads to an automatic choice of model complexity. Empirical results from the analysis of hidden Markov models with Gaussian observation densities illustrate this. If the variational algorithm is initialized with a large number of hidden states, redundant states are eliminated as the method converges to a solution, thereby leading to a selection of the number of hidden states. In addition, through the use of a variational approximation, the deviance information criterion for Bayesian model selection can be extended to the hidden Markov model framework. Calculation of the deviance information criterion provides a further tool for model selection, which can be used in conjunction with the variational approach.