集权、分权、利益集团理论与美国公共行政的发展

本文从论述汉密尔顿、杰斐逊和麦迪逊政治思想入手，分析了以集权思想为特征的汉密尔顿＂古典式行政模式＂、以分权思想为特征的杰斐逊＂浪漫式行政模式＂和以利益集团思想为特征的麦迪逊＂新古典式行政模式＂产生的历史条件和原因，并从宏观上考察了３种＂行政模式＂在美国行政的不同发展阶段中的实践和影响。     

见义不为现象的法律救治

见义勇为立法的重要内容之一,就是规定社会和国家对见义勇为者权益的救济和保护负有不可推卸的义务。作者认为对见义勇为者的权益实行法律保护是救治当前道德冷漠现象的一剂良方,是与现实需要紧密结合的法律规范。它的制定与实施又进一步充实了法律的正义精神,是法律价值的全面体现。但在现阶段我国还不具备相应的历史与现实条件用法律强制的手段推行见义勇为的道德行为。     

Statistical Distributions of Daily Breathing Rates for Narrow Age Groups of Infants and Children

Children may be more susceptible to toxicity from some environmental chemicals than adults. This susceptibility may occur during narrow age periods (windows), which can last from days to years depending on the toxicant. Breathing rates specific to narrow age periods are useful to assess inhalation dose during suspected windows of susceptibility. Because existing breathing rates used in risk assessment are typically for broad age ranges or are based on data not representative of the population, we derived daily breathing rates for narrow age ranges of children designed to be more representative of the current U.S. children's population. These rates were derived using the metabolic conversion method of Layton (1993) and energy intake data adjusted to represent the U.S. population from a relatively recent dietary survey (CSFII 1994–1996, 1998). We calculated conversion factors more specific to children than those previously used. Both nonnormalized (L/day) and normalized (L/kg-day) breathing rates were derived and found comparable to rates derived using energy estimates that are accurate for the individuals sampled but not representative of the population. Estimates of breathing rate variability within a population can be used with stochastic techniques to characterize the range of risk in the population from inhalation exposures. For each age and age-gender group, we present the mean, standard error of the mean, percentiles (50th, 90th, and 95th), geometric mean, standard deviation, 95th percentile, and best-fit parametric models of the breathing rate distributions. The standard errors characterize uncertainty in the parameter estimate, while the percentiles describe the combined interindividual and intra-individual variability of the sampled population. These breathing rates can be used for risk assessment of subchronic and chronic inhalation exposures of narrow age groups of children.     

和谐社会构建中的利益表达与利益协调

我国正处在一个社会转型的时代,利益关系格局也发生了一定的变化,产生了利益分化和重组。在这个利益分化的时代,中国的经济利益关系格局出现了经济利益主体多元化、经济利益来源多样化、经济利益差距扩大化和经济利益关系复杂化等新的特征。对此,我们必须正视问题,应特别注意利益表达机制的构建并进行合理的利益协调,充分发挥市场、政府和利益集团的作用,只有这样才能构建一个和谐的社会。     

谈激发大学生政治理论课的学习兴趣

政治理论课是大学生必修的一门课程,它不仅向学生讲授马克思主义的理论知识,还要帮助学生树立科学的世界观、人生观和价值观。政治理论课的教学质量如何,不仅影响到每个学生的未来,而且关系到国家的前途。所以我们要大力改进课堂教学,用教学的高质量来培养学生的高素质。如今大学生普遍不喜欢上政治理论课,极大地影响该课程的教学效果,更难以实现政治理论课的智育和德育双重功能。我们认为,针对目前大学政治理论课的低效性现状,可以通过激发学生的学习兴趣来提高政治理论课的教学效果。     

论重庆弱势群体的救助方略

在今天社会大变革、政府大转型之时,对弱势群体给予特殊的就业援助,对稳定社会具有重要的现实意义。为此,详实地分析了重庆市弱势群体的类型,以及市政府采取的及时有效的救援措施,并提出了一些相应对策。     

论东汉王朝对北匈奴的政策

于谓汉欺之 ,谋欲犯塞 ;谓宜还南所掠生口 ,以慰安其意。”章帝从袁安议 ,许之 ,令“度辽及领中郎将庞奋倍雇南部所得生口 ,以还北虏 ;其南部斩首获生 ,计功受赏如常科”。企图平衡南、北匈奴的关系。由上可知 ,在光武帝建武二十七年至和帝永元元年 (公元 5 1- 89年 )期间 ,北匈奴或因“惧于见伐” ,或因欲与汉合市 ,多次遣使求和亲 ,而东汉王朝则出于“冀其交通 ,不复为寇”的目的 ,与北匈奴保持了时断时续的通使、合市关系。当然 ,由于北匈奴时时寇边侵掠以及东汉王朝在处理南、北匈奴问题上的摇摆性 ,东汉王朝对北匈奴采取的以通使、合市…     

Deposit Insurance,Institutions, and Bank Interest Rates

Many recent institutional reforms of the financial system have relied on the introduction of an explicit scheme of deposit insurance. This instrument aims at two main targets, contributing to systemic stability and protecting depositors. However, it may also affect the interest rate spread in the banking system, which can be viewed as an indicator of either inefficiency or market power in this financial segment. This paper provides an empirical investigation of the effect of deposit insurance and other institutional and economic variables on bank interest rates across countries. We find that deposit insurance increases the lending–deposit spread in banking. The main effect seems to arise not from the deposit side though, but from an increase in the lending rate. We interpret this result as evidence of the presence of moral hazard problems related to this instrument. We also find that higher quality of institutions is associated with lower spreads, thus contributing to eroding sources of market power in the banking sector.     

完善我国公司治理结构的路径探析

公司治理结构在当代的发展趋势之一是利益相关者共同参与公司治理。我国公司股权集中、内部人控制严重、外部监督机制失灵的治理现状,决定了完善我国公司治理结构的有效路径应是构建利益相关者共同参与的公司治理结构,即将非股东的其他利益相关者引入公司治理,直接参与公司的经营、控制与监督。     

利益平衡视野下的知识产权滥用与反垄断立法研究

论述了知识产权对竞争促进和阻碍的双重作用,指出知识产权领域的反垄断是当代反垄断法的一个重要课题;以利益平衡论为视角审视两者之间的关系,并比较与借鉴了外国的立法经验,以期对我国这一领域的立法有所裨益。