Emotional Empathy as Related to Mimicry Reactions at Different Levels of Information Processing

The hypotheses of this investigation were based on conceiving of facial mimicry reactions in face-to-face interactions as an early automatic component in the process of emotional empathy. Differences between individuals high and low in emotional empathy were investigated. The parameters compared were facial mimicry reactions, as represented by electromyographic (EMG) activity, when individuals were exposed to pictures of angry or happy faces. The present study distinguished between spontaneous facial reactions and facial expressions associated with more controlled or modulated emotions at different information processing levels, first at a preattentive level and then consecutively at more consciously controlled levels: 61 participants were exposed to pictures at three different exposure times (17, 56, and 2350 ms). A significant difference in facial mimicry reactions between high- and low-empathy participants emerged at short exposure times (56 ms), representing automatic, spontaneous reactions, with high-empathy participants showing a significant mimicking reaction. The low-empathy participants did not display mimicking at any exposure time. On the contrary, the low-empathy participants showed, in response to angry faces, a tendency to an elevated activation in the cheek region, which often is associated with smiling.     

日本文化对异文化的受容模式--以古典文学为中心

日本民族是一个善于吸收异文化的民族,通常是通过"拟似"、"驯化"、"创造"这一模式来受容异文化的.本文通过<怀风藻><万叶集><日本灵异记><三教指归><十住心论>等日本古典文学作品,对这一文化受容模式进行了具体的剖析.     

Rethinking non-traditional resistance at work: The case of the Indian Diaspora in Mauritius

Resistance at work can take many forms and be theorised in multiple ways. In this paper, I use postcolonial theorist Homi Bhabha's concepts of mimicry, ambivalence and hybridity to explore non-traditional forms of resistance among Indo-Mauritians working in the hotel industry. I employ a two-stage qualitative research approach by conducting focus groups in eight hotels in Mauritius followed by focused ethnography with 20 Indo-Mauritians. The findings reveal that the Indian diasporic community is actively engaging with its past (India) through the materiality of its home, its sacred space and its use of Bhojpuri to communicate. By unfolding and maintaining its difference, it is constantly demarcating its personal space from that of the Other. As this behaviour extends to the workplace, salient forms of non-traditional resistance surface in rural regions.     

聆听“他者”愤怒的呐喊——评里拉&#183;甘地的《后殖民理论批判导论》

文章主要关照新生代后殖民理论家里拉.甘地的代表作品和西方学术界后殖民批评评述的学术新动向。文章分析了里拉.甘地的理论与经典后殖民理论代表理论家的联系,也评述了里拉.甘地的理论在历史记忆、后殖民女性主义以及民族与民族文学方面的新见解。     

《我的安东妮亚》的后殖民主义解读

<我的安东妮亚>是薇拉·凯瑟歌颂欧洲移民冒险精神、开拓精神的经典作品.本文用后殖民主义的模拟性和不适应性理论,从文化和心理的角度探讨移民在多元文化中被美国化(即同化)的过程,以及移民由于文化身份的多样性而产生的精神上的困惑和不适应性.通过对此分析,作者试图解读凯瑟关注欧洲移民这一特殊群体的原因,以及她对这一群体持有的态度.     

Knowing that you mimic me: the link between mimicry,awareness and liking

Mimicry pays off for a mimicker, and that mimickees are not aware of being influenced by mimicry. In this study, we investigated the link between mimicry, awareness and liking using a 2 (mimicry: yes/no) × 4 (awareness manipulation) experimental design. We found a main effect of mimicry (the confederate was liked more in the mimicry condition) and an interaction between mimicry and awareness. Awareness manipulation had a limited effect on the association between mimicry and liking. Providing participants with little or no information about mimicry (information not including any remarks about its consequences) had an effect on the association between mimicry and liking. However, when participants were informed about the interpersonal consequences of mimicry, mimicry did not influence liking.     

动画片对中国儿童暴力性倾向的影响

目前我国流行的动画片,尤其是来自欧美和日本等西方国家的动画片,相当一部分具有较高的暴力倾向。这种具有暴力倾向的动画片通过电视、影碟和卡通画等方式传播,对青少年儿童的社会心理和社会行为产生了较大的影响,使得他们日常生活中的暴力倾向明显增强。这个问题没有受到审查机构、媒体以及家长或老师的重视,以致孩子们在接受动画片的影响时缺乏应有警觉。     

A population dynamic model of Batesian mimicry

Summary A population dynamic model of Batesian mimicry, in which populations of both model and mimetic species were considered, was analyzed. The probability of a predator catching prey on each encouter was assumed to depend on the frequency of the mimic. The change in population size of each species was considered to have two components, growth at the intrinsic growth rate and carrying capacity, and reduction by predation. For simplicity in the analyses, three assumptions were made concerning the carrying capacities of each population: (1) with no density effects on the mimic population growth rate; (2) with no density effects on the model species; and (3) with density effects on both species. The first and second cases were solved analytically, whereas the last was, for the most part, investigated numerically. Under assumption (1), two stable equilibria are possible, in which both species either coexist or go to extinction. Under assumption (2), there are also two stable equilibria possible, in which either only the mimic persists or both go to extinction. These results explain the field records of butterflies (Pachliopta aristolochiae and its mimicPapilio polytes) in the Ryukyu Islands, Japan.     

The Chameleon Effect as Social Glue: Evidence for the Evolutionary Significance of Nonconscious Mimicry

The chameleon effect refers to the tendency to adopt the postures, gestures, and mannerisms of interaction partners (Chartrand & Bargh, 1999). This type of mimicry occurs outside of conscious awareness, and without any intent to mimic or imitate. Empirical evidence suggests a bi-directional relationship between nonconscious mimicry on the one hand, and liking, rapport, and affiliation on the other. That is, nonconscious mimicry creates affiliation, and affiliation can be expressed through nonconscious mimicry. We argue that mimicry played an important role in human evolution. Initially, mimicry may have had survival value by helping humans communicate. We propose that the purpose of mimicry has now evolved to serve a social function. Nonconscious behavioral mimicry increases affiliation, which serves to foster relationships with others. We review current research in light of this proposed framework and suggest future areas of research.