从爆破音变体的语流环境看音系结构特征

爆破音的种种变体,不仅仅是一种单纯的发音问题,还在一定的程度上从一个侧面反映了英语音系结构的特征;英语爆破音变体发生的语流环境是一个外显的语音现象,在深层次上受着英语特有的音系结构的支持,而且,多变的语音受着固定不变的音系结构支持。这些特征决定了音系结构是非线性的。     

鼻内窥镜下等离子低温射频治疗老年人鼻出血的护理

目的总结等离子低温射频治疗老年人鼻出血的护理要点。方法总结80例用等离子低温射频治疗仪治疗老年人鼻出血病例资料,总结护理体会。结果配合整体护理,明显提高了治疗疗效,减轻了患者痛苦。结论等离子低温射频治疗老年人鼻出血疗效显著,患者痛苦小。整体护理是治疗成功的的重要环节。     

台语送气塞音和舌面鼻音擦音化规律研究

台语中的送气塞音p′、k′、t′在发展过程中往往演变为同部位或近部位的的擦音。与亲属语言比较发现 ,送气成分是致使其擦音化的主要因素。 是台语典型的舌面鼻音 ,与j有历史源流关系。 是源 ,j是流。 在发展过程中趋于擦音化是台语的一个普遍规律     

山阴方言的舒入两读字

山阴方言的多音字中,有的音读为舒声,其余的音读为入声,形成舒入两读。文章举出57例,并列出读音、意义及用法。     

坡脚土家语鼻音韵尾的来源

坡脚土家语有n、η 两个鼻音韵尾。该语言有些词的鼻音韵尾是从原始藏缅母语继承下来的，有些词则是在土家语从原始藏缅母语分化出来之后才产生的。坡脚土家语鼻音韵尾的发展演变跟韵母元音、鼻音声母有密切的关系。同时该语言与汉语之间长时问的频繁接触也对其鼻音韵尾的发展产生影响。     

日语与永州方言浊音相似点小议

湘方言一大分支的永州方言浊音和日语浊音进行比较,发现永州方言和日语浊音特点相近:两者都存在浊声母,而且永州方言中的古全浊音在日语中都发浊音;两者都存在鼻浊音和半浊音现象;两者都有同时发两个浊音或既发浊音又发清音的现象等。     

粤东闽语n尾韵文白异读及其与η尾韵和鼻化韵的关系

对粤东闽语n韵尾分析发现,n韵尾在山、臻二摄中一部分属于文读层,一部分属于白读层;在曾、梗二摄中全部属于白读层.从语音演变规律来看,粤东闽语n韵尾向η韵尾演变是历史发展的趋势,鼻化韵是n、η韵尾尚未完全合并前由两者弱化并脱落而来.     

Quantitative Cancer Risk Estimation for Formaldehyde

Of primary concern are irreversible effects, such as cancer induction, that formaldehyde exposure could have on human health. Dose-response data from human exposure situations would provide the most solid foundation for risk assessment, avoiding problematic extrapolations from the health effects seen in nonhuman species. However, epidemiologic studies of human formaldehyde exposure have provided little definitive information regarding dose-response. Reliance must consequently be placed on laboratory animal evidence. An impressive array of data points to significantly nonlinear relationships between rodent tumor incidence and administered dose, and between target tissue dose and administered dose (the latter for both rodents and Rhesus monkeys) following exposure to formaldehyde by inhalation. Disproportionately less formaldehyde binds covalently to the DNA of nasal respiratory epithelium at low than at high airborne concentrations. Use of this internal measure of delivered dose in analyses of rodent bioassay nasal tumor response yields multistage model estimates of low-dose risk, both point and upper bound, that are lower than equivalent estimates based upon airborne formaldehyde concentration. In addition, risk estimates obtained for Rhesus monkeys appear at least 10-fold lower than corresponding estimates for identically exposed Fischer-344 rats.     

合江方言的鼻辅音

合江音系中存在的鼻辅音有m、n、捱、耷四种,其中可以作为声母的有m、n、捱、耷,可作为韵尾的有n、耷。文章通过与中古音的对比,对合江音系中的鼻音声母和鼻音韵尾进行分析,探求鼻辅音在合江方言中的分布以及发展趋势。     

Emerging from below the social radar: Incipient evaluation in the North West of England

This paper investigates the social meaning of post‐nasal [ɡ]‐presence, a dialectal variant characteristic of North Western varieties of British English that is claimed to have local prestige. Using a matched‐guise approach, this study reveals the absence of a community‐wide norm with respect to how [?ɡ] clusters are evaluated as well as diachronic change in the level of awareness speakers have of this variable. Older subjects are not sensitive to the dialectal status of [?ɡ] and as a result do not evaluate it differently from [?]; the local form is more accessible to evaluation among younger subjects, for whom the northern indexicality is stronger, but at this incipient stage of social meaning there is no agreement on what the content of this evaluation should be. The results speak to questions regarding the development of shared norms, their role in the speech community, and the granularity of social meaning more generally.