汉语数字词语比喻的文化透视--智慧与德行篇

比喻是人类语言中一种最有力的手段,在这些奇妙的比喻中,数字词语比喻更是独领风骚.本文从智慧、德行两个方面来对数字词语比喻的喻义、用途、及其折射的文化现象进行了讨论.试图用生动鲜明的例词来说明中国文化的源远流长和博大精深.以数字为链的词语比喻使得词语的喻义更俱特色,也更通俗易懂,易为广大人民群众所接受.而且,大量的数字词语比喻来源于人们所熟悉,历史上广为流传的民间故事或传说,所以易为人们所记忆和传播.     

情境在古诗词教学中的作用

情境教学法在古诗词教学中有重要作用,通过拓宽教育空间、缩短心理距离、注重角色效应、领悟诗词谐趣等四种途径可以增强情境教学的效果。     

宾位数量名结构中“一”字隐现的认知研究

宾语数量名结构中“一”字的省略必然引起人的认知心理上的变化。本文试从认知语言的角度,由距离像似动因及范畴化原型理论来分析宾语数量名结构中“一”字省略后引起的句法、语法、语用等变化问题。由此得出了“一”字省略后,整个结构数量意义减弱,语法性质不活泼,搭配受到了限制,缺乏独立性,语体风格发生了变化等结论。     

Aggregating classifiers via Rademacher–Walsh polynomials

Methods are proposed to combine several individual classifiers in order to develop more accurate classification rules. The proposed algorithm uses Rademacher–Walsh polynomials to combine M (≥2) individual classifiers in a nonlinear way. The resulting classifier is optimal in the sense that its misclassification error rate is always less than, or equal to, that of each constituent classifier. A number of numerical examples (based on both real and simulated data) are also given. These examples demonstrate some new, and far-reaching, benefits of working with combined classifiers.     

习语之异化与归化翻译策略

翻译的异化(Fore ign izing T ranslation)与归化(Dom esticating T ranslation)一直是翻译界争论的焦点。信息时代的到来,更是把单纯的语言现象上升到文化的高度;中英互译不仅仅是语言学层面上的直译或意译,而是更多地关注到语言背后的文化背景。在中英文习语互译中只有采用合理的翻译策略才能更好的体现语言的魅力及文化的内涵。在习语翻译中归化翻译与异化翻译策略应合理的运用,而不是把二者对立起来。     

汉语量词"把"的意义、分类及用法--面向第二语言教学的认知解释与功能研究

根据意义和功能,现代汉语的量词"把"分为两类3种:个体量词"把1",集合量词"把2",动量词"把3"。研究发现,量词的使用是一种范畴确认或语法归类,最初使用量词的对象的认知原型,在相当程度上制约着同类对象的量词选取;围绕动词"把"及其有关项所形成的意义,是制约量词"把"的类型和使用的重要因素。     

现代汉语三音节词的判定问题

三音节词在现代汉语词汇中占有一定数量,识别和判定现代汉语三音节词是一项重要的基础性研究工作,具有重要意义。判定现代汉语三音节词不能以词典是否收录和是否标注词性为依据,而是要以实际使用的情况和人们的词感为依据,坚持语音、语义、语法、语用和语感综合考察,以语用和语感为主的定性标准。具体操作上可采用语音形式识别法、语素数量识别法、语素性质识别法、语法特点识别法、语义特点识别法、语用对比识别法等方法。     

宁乡方言词法的几点特色

宁乡方言在构词和构形方面的几个特色中包括名词的几个后缀、形容词的几个后缀、数量词中缀“是”及多功能后缀“唧”等。这些特点说明宁乡方言虽属于湘方言中的长益片,但由于其特殊的地理位置,也在不小的程度上受到娄邵片的影响。这说明宁乡方言是湘方言长益片里一个特殊的次方言。     

Scrutinizing an algorithmic technique: the Bayes classifier as interested reading of reality

ABSTRACT

This paper outlines the notion of ‘algorithmic technique’ as a middle ground between concrete, implemented algorithms and the broader study and theorization of software. Algorithmic techniques specify principles and methods for doing things in the medium of software and they thus constitute units of knowledge and expertise in the domain of software making. I suggest that algorithmic techniques are a suitable object of study for the humanities and social science since they capture the central technical principles behind actual software, but can generally be described in accessible language. To make my case, I focus on the field of information ordering and, first, discuss the wider historical trajectory of formal or ‘mechanical’ reasoning applied to matters of commerce and government before, second, moving to the investigation of a particular algorithmic technique, the Bayes classifier. This technique is explicated through a reading of the original work of M. E. Maron in the early 1960 and presented as a means to subject empirical, ‘datafied’ reality to an interested reading that confers meaning to each variable in relation to an operational goal. After a discussion of the Bayes classifier in relation to the question of power, the paper concludes by coming back to its initial motive and argues for increased attention to algorithmic techniques in the study of software.     

句式中介词结构漂移的语篇语用解释

句式具有语篇功能,语篇功能制约句法结构。文章主要考察了否定句、假设句、条件句、时间状语从句句中介词结构的分布,这些句式在语篇中具有非现实性,不在叙述的主线上,属于背景信息,具有低及物性的特点。介词结构在小句中的漂移受及物性决定,高及物性的小句中介词结构位于动词后,而低及物性的小句中介词结构位于动词前。通过溯因推理,介词结构在这些特殊句式中只能处在主谓之间,处在动词之后不合语法。研究发现,真实语篇语料的考察证实了这一推测。