未成年人犯罪案件审查起诉方式的改革

未成年人犯罪案件有其特殊性 ,而我国现行的刑法、刑事诉讼法对此几乎没有给予适当的关注 ,这不利于依法保护未成年人合法权益 ,不利于减少未成年人犯罪。当前 ,一些地方进行的对未成年人犯罪案件暂缓起诉的改革探索是有益的。建议我国立法机关对此充分重视 ,为未成年人犯罪案件设立有关特别的刑事诉讼程序。     

Inference for the measurement of poverty in the presence of a stochastic weighting variable

Empirical applications of poverty measurement often have to deal with a stochastic weighting variable such as household size. Within the framework of a bivariate distribution function defined over income and weight, I derive the limiting distributions of the decomposable poverty measures and of the ordinates of stochastic dominance curves. The poverty line is allowed to depend on the income distribution. It is shown how the results can be used to test hypotheses concerning changes in poverty. The inference procedures are briefly illustrated using Belgian data. An erratum to this article can be found at     

广义对角占优矩阵判定条件的改进

给出广义对角占优矩阵的判定条件,改进和包含了文献[1～3]的主要结果,从而也推广了Shivakumar的结果。作为应用,得到了判定非奇M矩阵和几种迭代法新的收敛准则。     

几类矩阵的研究及其应用

对几类矩阵进行了刻划；对于非负阵谱半径的一个重要性质￣［１］，给出了新的简单证明；作为应用，得到有重要实际意义的某些类矩阵之逆的谱半径的界的估计。     

日、德、中三国适用起诉便宜原则之比较

起诉便宜原则是现代各国刑事诉讼普遍确立的一项起诉原则.日本、德国、中国虽然同为大陆法系国家,但在适用起诉便宜原则的目的、范围和制约措施等方面却存在着明显的区别.比较、借鉴日、德两国有关起诉便宜原则的立法和司法经验,有利于中国酌定不起诉制度的完善.     

Violations of dominance in pricing judgments

The dominance principle states that the judged price of gamble A should be equal to or greater than the judged price of gamble B whenever A's outcomes are equal to or better than the corresponding outcomes of B, holding everything else constant. Subjects often violate the dominance principle by assigning a higher price to a gamble with some probability of winning a positive amount, Y, otherwise zero, than to a superior gamble with the same chances of winning Y, otherwise winning X. Violations also occur with losses. Results are consistent with a configural-weight theory in which the decision weight for each outcome depends on the rank of the outcome with respect to the other outcomes in the lottery and the value of the outcome (zero vs. nonzero).The authors thank Shi-jie Chang, Duncan Luce, and Lisa Ordóñez for comments on an earlier draft. This research was supported by a National Science Foundation grant to the first author (BNS-8451368). Requests for reprints should be sent to Barbara Mellers, Dept. of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720.     

新时代我国检察机关法律监督权的重构

国家立法者依照一元分立下衍生的国家法律监督理论建构了我国的检察系统,但没有在具体立法中规定其相应的全面监督职能。在设立监察委员会制度的背景下,我国宪制中的法律监督机关的构成将面临重大改革,检察机关的法律监督权必须予以重构,这为检察机关实现地位与职能的一致性和职能的优化提供了契机。在新时代背景下,检察机关法律监督权的重构,应当坚持宪法关于检察机关是法律监督机关的性质定位;遵循法治精神,在重构中实现国家权力分权制衡,发挥法律监督权维护人民主权的功能;反映司法规律,把公诉职能作为检察机关的核心职能并对之开展符合司法规律的职能优化。     

Why Frequency is Not Well Defined for Engineering Systems with Nonexponential Failure Times

Dr. Yellman proposes to define frequency as “a time‐rate of events of a specified type over a particular time interval.” We review why no definition of frequency, including this one, can satisfy both of two conditions: (1) the definition should agree with the ordinary meaning of frequency, such as that less frequent events are less likely to occur than more frequent events, over any particular time interval for which the frequencies of both are defined; and (2) the definition should be applicable not only to exponentially distributed times between (or until) events, but also to some nonexponential (e.g., uniformly distributed) times. We make the simple point that no definition can satisfy (1) and (2) by showing that any definition that determines which of any two uniformly distributed times has the higher “frequency” (or that determines that they have the same “frequency,” if neither is higher) must assign a higher frequency number to the distribution with the lower probability of occurrence over some time intervals. Dr. Yellman's proposed phrase, “time‐rate of events … over a particular time interval” is profoundly ambiguous in such cases, as the instantaneous failure rates vary over an infinitely wide range (e.g., from one to infinity), making it unclear which value is denoted by the phrase “time‐rate of events.”     

Understanding Popularity and Relational Aggression in Adolescence: The Role of Social Dominance Orientation

This study investigated a potential moderator of the association between popularity and relational aggression: social dominance orientation (SDO), the degree to which an individual endorses the importance of social hierarchy. One hundred eighty‐five ninth graders completed a sociometric assessment of RA and popularity, and a self‐report SDO measure. SDO was positively associated with popularity for both boys and girls, and with RA for girls. Popularity and RA were positively correlated for both genders. Regression analyses showed that SDO moderated the association between popularity and RA for girls, but not for boys. Girls who were both popular and who were social dominance‐oriented were particularly high in peer‐nominated RA. SDO may provide a useful framework for understanding the role of popularity in adolescent peer groups.     

论我国行政公诉的制度建构

行政公诉是由检察机关提起的行政诉讼,建立行政公诉制度既是监督行政机关依法行政、保护公共利益的有效途径之一,也是完善现行行政诉讼制度的客观需要。明确检察机关提起行政公诉的主体资格,界定检察机关提起行政公诉的范围,设立行政公诉的程序对于建构我国行政公诉制度具有重要意义。