塑性混凝土渠道防渗应用研究

通过对塑性混凝土与普通混凝土性能对比分析,结合国内外塑性混凝土的应用情况,提出塑性混凝土用于渠道防渗的优越性、可行性。     

三维有限元渗流模拟计算在蟒河口水库防渗设计中的应用

蟒河口水库工程天然来水量较小，开发目标高，采取有效的防渗处理措施才能保证水库开发要求的蓄水量．工程中采用三维有限元渗流模拟计算对防渗处理措施进行复核．根据计算结果，对防渗措施进行调整、优化，确定了经济、高效的防渗方案．通过工程经验类比知，计算所采用的方法和最终得到的结果是满意的．     

Comparative Potency Method for Cancer Risk Assessment: Application to Diesel Particulate Emissions1

An estimation of the human lung cancer “unit risk” from diesel engine particulate emissions has been made using a comparative potency approach. This approach involves evaluating the tumorigenic and mutagenic potencies of the particulates from four diesel and one gasoline engine in relation to other combustion and pyrolysis products (coke oven, roofing tar, and cigarette smoke) that cause lung cancer in humans. The unit cancer risk is predicated on the linear nonthreshold extrapolation model and is the individual lifetime excess lung cancer risk from continuous exposure to 1 μg carcinogen per m³ inhaled air. The human lung cancer unit risks obtained from the epidemiologic data for coke oven workers, roofing tar applicators, and cigarette smokers were, respectively, 9.3 × 10^?4, 3.6 × 10^?4, and 2.2 × 10^?6 per μg particulate organics per m³ air. The comparative potencies of these three materials and the diesel and gasoline engine exhaust particulates (as organic extracts) were evaluated by in vivo tumorigenicity bioassays involving skin initiation and skin carcinogenicity in SENCAR mice and by the in vitro bioassays that proved suitable for this analysis: Ames Salmonella microsome bioassay, L5178Y mouse lymphoma cell mutagenesis bioassay, and sister chromatid exchange bioassay in Chinese hamster ovary cells. The relative potencies of the coke oven, roofing tar, and cigarette smoke emissions, as determined by the mouse skin initiation assay, were within a factor of 2 of those determined using the epidemiologic data. The relative potencies, from the in vitro bioassays as compared to the human data, were similar for coke oven and roofing tar, but for the cigarette smoke condensate the in vitro tests predicted a higher relative potency. The mouse skin initiation bioassay was used to determine the unit lung cancer risk for the most potent of the diesel emissions. Based on comparisons with coke oven, roofing tar, and cigarette smoke, the unit cancer risk averaged 4.4 × 10^?4. The unit lung cancer risks for the other, less potent motor-vehicle emissions were determined from their comparative potencies relative to the most potent diesel using three in vitro bioassays. There was a high correlation between the in vitro and in vivo bioassays in their responses to the engine exhaust particulate extracts. The unit lung cancer risk per μg particulates per m³ for the automotive diesel and gasoline exhaust particulates ranged from 0.20 × 10^?4 to 0.60 × 10^?4; that for the heavy-duty diesel engine was 0.02 × 10^?4. These unit risks provide the basis for a future assessment of human lung cancer risks when combined with human population exposure to automotive emissions.     

浅谈如何解决屋面渗漏

分析了造成屋面渗漏的主要原因,从设计、材料选择、施工、保修四方面入手,阐述解决屋面渗漏问题的方法。     

特种粘土固化浆液技术性能研究

通过实验研究了特种粘土固化浆液在合适的材料配比与水料比条件下，可获得较好的稳定性且析水率极低，胶凝时间、早期强度、终期强度均因水泥和结构剂掺量不同而可控，结石率极高且可达100%，固化中发生微膨胀。可用于边坡、堤坝、地基等注浆防渗工程。     

砂卵地基地下混凝土防渗墙施工若干问题的研究

分析砂卵地基地下混凝土防渗墙施工特点、难点及其对策。     

管道冬季泄漏土壤热波动及原油渗流数值计算

采用有限容积法建立埋地管道泄漏多孔介质流固耦合相变数学模型,对冬季热油管道不同位置泄漏前后大地温度场的变化及原油在土壤中的分布规律进行数值模拟。研究表明：管道泄漏后,一定时间内管道周围土壤温度波动剧烈,由于受环境温度的影响,泄漏前锋原油温降较快,很快达到凝点,并出现不同形态的动态凝油层,致使原油渗流速率降低,热影响区范围变化逐渐趋于平稳。且随泄漏位置的不同,地表温度变化及土壤中原油分布差异较大。应用分布式光纤温度传感技术检测管道泄漏是可行的。     

真空预压中地下水位变化的理论探讨

分析了真空预压中地下水位变化的研究现状,指出用实测数据进行研究存在误区。在定义地下水位线的基础上,通过土体结构的微观解说,分析了水位变化的机理。得出堆载预压地下水位线不变,而真空预压在考虑地下水补给的情况下,有下降和不变两种可能。提出了主动渗流和被动渗流以及固结渗流和非固结渗流的新概念。     

水库地区路基断面设计与防渗设计

设计水库路基时，应根据水库的运行特点，考虑库水浸泡、渗透、水位升降、渡浪侵袭、水流冲刷、库岸坍塌、水库淤积和地下水壅升引起的湿陷等影响。通过工程实例，分析了造成库区路基病害的原因，从填土造地、渗透稳定、滑坡治理、塌岸防护等综合治理和综合利用的原则出发，探讨了库区新建路基和改造路基的形式及构造。研究了路基本体和地基的渗流计算分析与控制方法，详细阐述了各种路基断面形式、防渗设施布置形式以及路基填料等在不同水位差条件下的适用性和有效性。     

一种改进的聚合物驱孔隙网络模型

基于幂律流体在圆管中的流动模型,建立了幂律流体剪切率与流速之间的关系式。对关系式进行校正并代入Carreau 模型中,得到了改进的Carreau 流体有效黏度模型。新模型中有效黏度是流速的函数,将原来的非线性问题简化为线性问题。应用新建立的有效黏度模型,综合考虑聚合物渗流机理建立聚合物驱微观模拟模型。进行了聚合物驱微观模拟,统计分析了聚合物驱后剩余油的微观分布规律。计算结果表明,聚合物驱后剩余油更趋分散：网络状剩余油体积比例明显减少,但油水混合状、孤粒/孤滴状、斑块状剩余油体积比例都有所提高。