宾位数量名结构中“一”字隐现的认知研究

宾语数量名结构中“一”字的省略必然引起人的认知心理上的变化。本文试从认知语言的角度,由距离像似动因及范畴化原型理论来分析宾语数量名结构中“一”字省略后引起的句法、语法、语用等变化问题。由此得出了“一”字省略后,整个结构数量意义减弱,语法性质不活泼,搭配受到了限制,缺乏独立性,语体风格发生了变化等结论。     

Corrected maximum likelihood estimators in heteroscedastic symmetric nonlinear models

In this article, we derive general matrix formulae for second-order biases of maximum likelihood estimators (MLEs) in a class of heteroscedastic symmetric nonlinear regression models, thus generalizing some results in the literature. This class of regression models includes all symmetric continuous distributions, and has a wide range of practical applications in various fields such as engineering, biology, medicine and economics, among others. The variety of distributions with different kurtosis coefficients than the normal may give more flexibility in the choice of an appropriate distribution, particularly to accommodate outlying and influential observations. We derive a joint iterative process for estimating the mean and dispersion parameters. We also present simulation studies for the biases of the MLEs.     

Multimodal representational gestures in the transition to multi-word productions

The aim of this study was to analyze the use of representational gestures from a multimodal point of view in the transition from one-word to multi-word constructions. Twenty-one Spanish-speaking children were observed longitudinally at 18, 21, 24, and 30 months of age. We analyzed the production of deictic, symbolic, and conventional gestures and their coordination with different verbal elements. Moreover, we explored the relationship between gestural multimodal and unimodal productions and independent measures of language development. Results showed that gesture production remains stable in the period studied. Whereas deictic gestures are frequent and mostly multimodal from the beginning, conventional gestures are rare and mainly unimodal. Symbolic gestures are initially unimodal, but between 24 and 30 months of age, this pattern reverses, with more multimodal symbolic gestures than unimodal. In addition, the frequency of multimodal representational gestures at specific ages seems to be positively related to independent measures of vocabulary and morphosyntax development. By contrast, the production of unimodal representational gestures appears negatively related to these measures. Our results suggest that multimodal representational gestures could have a facilitating role in the process of learning to combine meanings for communicative goals.     

词序像似性研究及实例分析

像似性是相对任意性而言的。语言像似性是指语言形式或结构与其所表达的概念之间存在对应关系,而词序像似性是指词的组织形式和人的认知结构之间有某种对应关系,主要受四个原则支配:顺序像似原则、距离像似原则、与说话人接近原则和文化规约像似原则。正确理解词序像似性的概念和原则,对目标语的学习有重要的指导意义。     

Stochastic analysis of covariance when the error distribution is long-tailed symmetric

In this study, we consider stochastic one-way analysis of covariance model when the distribution of the error terms is long-tailed symmetric. Estimators of the unknown model parameters are obtained by using the maximum likelihood (ML) methodology. Iteratively reweighting algorithm is used to compute the ML estimates of the parameters. We also propose new test statistic based on ML estimators for testing the linear contrasts of the treatment effects. In the simulation study, we compare the efficiencies of the traditional least-squares (LS) estimators of the model parameters with the corresponding ML estimators. We also compare the power of the test statistics based on LS and ML estimators, respectively. A real-life example is given at the end of the study.     

对语言符号任意性及象似性的再思考

从不同角度及层次重新审视语言符号的属性,得出的新结论是语言符号的任意性和象似性都是语言符号的属性,只不过是从不同角度来探讨语言符号的属性而已;就语言的单个符号而言, 任意性仍是语言符号的第一原则;但在复合词和派生词及语言组合关系及句法关系上,语言符号具有高度象似性。象似性与任意性是辩证统一的。     

语言意义的象似表征

意义的象似表征理论动摇了索绪尔语言学中任意性的定律.根据皮尔斯的符号学理论,分析了语言意义象似表征的理论基础及象似的标准,介绍了皮尔斯符号学理论在语言象似性研究中的地位及应用,指出语言的意义是通过从次象似符到真象似符的连续体上的某一象似符来表征的,并在语篇层面上通过内指象似(即语篇内部的象似)和外指象似(即语篇外部的象似)阐述了语言意义的表征过程;介绍了语篇间的象似性(即互文性),结合语用象似的观点,分析了意义在传递过程中的象似性.     

应用范成法加工对称凸轮轮廓的研究

对称凸轮轮廓的加工方法有多种,但各有不足,为了克服原有的加工方法的缺陷,提出了范成法加工对称凸轮轮廓曲线的方法,并阐明了范成法加工对称凸轮轮廓曲线的原理及实现方法.利用范成法加工对称凸轮,不但解决了其他加工方法加工接拍长、加工成本高甚至无法加工的问题,而且加工精度高,操作简单可靠,可广泛用于各种批量对称凸轮的加工生产.     

论英语词汇的象似性

本文论述英语词汇的象似性。