中国城市移民的污名建构与认同的代际分化

污名问题受到了高度关注不仅因为其关系到被污名者的生存、生活和与主流社会的融合,也关乎社会的稳定与和谐。本研究引入社会表征的研究视角,探讨在我国改革开放三十年来由于城市化进程而迅速分化和形成的第一代城市移民和其子代污名社会表征,认为城市移民污名的建构体现了对话与互动的双向特征,并通过锚定和具化机制加以实现。在这一背景下,城市一代移民和二代移民的认同根基与认同应对策略选择都显现出代际的差异和不同的偏好,同时也体现了代际之间从自在阶段到自为阶段的过渡,这是代际认同分化和污名感知的深层动力和驱动性的基耦的所在。     

Genetically Modified Organisms in the Portuguese Press: thematization and anchoring

ABSTRACT: The main aim of this paper is to examine how the recent themata developments in Social Representations Theory can be linked with the classical process involved in the construction of social representations—anchoring—, as well as with the communicative modalities that are part of the theory since its inception. This was done through a study of the representation of GMOs in the Portuguese press, taken as an opportunity for addressing the issues related to the role played by old categories in rendering new meanings and in establishing new categories.
A further objective of the study, more applied in nature, was to explore whether the central characteristics of the representations of biotechnology in European countries were also present in Portugal.
All articles that included the expressions Genetically Modified/Genetic Modification/Manipulation or Transgenics, were collected, in five Portuguese newspapers, during the years of 1999, 2000 and 2001. Content analysis of the 239 articles collected showed that their thematical organisation re-constitutes the Red/Green dichotomy found in most European countries. The Red/health discussion is structured around such themata as health/disease, risk/safety, benefits/problems, and anchors in categories like science and progress. The nature/culture opposition emerges, in turn, in the Green/food discussion, which anchors on categories like ideology and employs Propaganda as a communicative modality—a set of indicators configuring a more polemic debate. The conclusions discuss the relevance of linking themata with anchoring and the importance of devising more fine-grained tools for the analysis of Diffusion.