高罗佩《大唐狄公案》中的几篇小说——兼论唐代汉源县与汉水的关系

文章由三个部分内容构成.第一部分介绍了荷兰职业外交家、国际著名汉学家高罗佩的《大唐狄公案》系列公案小说中以汉源县为背景的四部小说作品：《湖滨案》《朝云观》《断指记》《莲池蛙声》;第二部分详细考证了狄仁杰之时的汉源县在今西和县境内,讨论了唐代汉源县与汉水的关系,并指出高罗佩所写唐代汉源县应是同西和有关的;第三部分介绍了高罗佩的其他创作和文化活动.     

Unemployment and economic psychology: An introduction

Starting from literature a short sequential scheme is being presented, including contextual and causal factors of employment, phenomenal aspects of unemployment, moderator variables, effects and lastly interventions and solutions.General aspects as well as more restricted aspects of unemployment as an area of research within economic psychology are mentioned. The contributions within this issue are discussed in connection with the scheme and the different aspects that were distinguished.     

Off the record: Margaret van Kleffens and the gendered history of Dutch World War II diplomacy

This article makes the case for recovering women’s roles from the forgotten corners of diplomatic history, and for considering the consequences of the gap between feminist and non-feminist research. It shows how ignorance of the gendered nature of diplomatic norms and practices impacts our understanding of diplomatic history, and how specific biographies are hampered by gender blindness in particular. Using the history of Margaret van Kleffens and Dutch World War II diplomacy as an example, the article demonstrates how historians’ continued neglect of the role of women and gender norms has influenced representations of twentieth-century diplomacy. To dismiss the history of gender and of women as by definition irrelevant to the actions of states and of male statespersons is not simply part of a self-appointed focus on the political at the expense of the personal; rather, it omits much of the political history too, reproducing stereotypes and resulting in a skewed understanding of diplomatic history and foreign policy decisions. The article argues that both historians and feminist scholars need to historicize gender in order to recognize women’s roles in diplomacy, and so gain a better understanding of the history of international politics as a whole.     

伦勃朗和他的自画像

世纪的伟大画家伦勃朗,是速度最快、技术最完美的画家之一,被认为是欧洲最有趣的城市阿姆斯特丹最有趣的人.他钟情于自画像,不是出于虚荣,而纯粹出于生活情趣.他的自画像正如他的才气,热情洋溢、丰富多彩、富有人性,直到今天还能引起人们内心深处的强烈共鸣.     

The analysis of multicentre clinical trials when there is heterogeneity between centres

Two-treatment multicentre clinical trials are very common in practice. In cases where a non-parametric analysis is appropriate, a rank-sum test for grouped data called the van Elteren test can be applied. As an alternative approach, one may apply a combination test such as Fisher's combination test or the inverse normal combination test (also called Liptak's method) in order to combine centre-specific P-values. If there are no ties and no differences between centres with regard to the groups’ sample sizes, the inverse normal combination test using centre-specific Wilcoxon rank-sum tests is equivalent to the van Elteren test. In this paper, the van Elteren test is compared with Fisher's combination test based on Wilcoxon rank-sum tests. Data from two multicentre trials as well as simulated data indicate that Fisher's combination of P-values is more powerful than the van Elteren test in realistic scenarios, i.e. when there are large differences between the centres’ P-values, some quantitative interaction between treatment and centre, and/or heterogeneity in variability. The combination approach opens the possibility of using statistics other than the rank sum, and it is also a suitable method for more complicated designs, e.g. when covariates such as age or gender are included in the analysis.     

Halliday与van Dijk语境模式对比研究

以Halliday为代表的系统功能语言学与van Dijk的话语分析理论都非常重视语境的研究,语境是两个理论体系的重要组成部分.通过对比分析Halliday与van Dijk的语境理论模式,探讨了两者的相同点和不同点.作为话语分析的工具,系统功能语言学的语境模式持本体论的观点,更强调语言自身的系统性,认为语境只是语言系统内的一个组成部分;而van Dijk的语境理论非常重视语言与语境的认知属性,更强调语境与语言之间的相互规约性,尤其是认知心理对交际过程与结果的影响.     

Minimax Rates for Estimating the Variance and its Derivatives in Non–Parametric Regression

In this paper the van Trees inequality is applied to obtain lower bounds for the quadratic risk of estimators for the variance function and its derivatives in non–parametric regression models. This approach yields a much simpler proof compared to previously applied methods for minimax rates. Furthermore, the informative properties of the van Trees inequality reveal why the optimal rates for estimating the variance are not affected by the smoothness of the signal g . A Fourier series estimator is constructed which achieves the optimal rates. Finally, a second–order correction is derived which suggests that the initial estimator of g must be undersmoothed for the estimation of the variance.     

青年干部要争当实践"三个代表"重要思想的先锋

"三个代表"重要思想是对邓小平理论的继承与发展,是实现全面建设小康社会的根本保证,是我们党的指导思想.认真实践"三个代表"重要思想,始终保持党的先进性,是新世纪、新形势对我们党提出的新课题.为了实现中华民族的伟大复兴,每一位党员干部,特别是青年干部必须认真实践"三个代表"重要思想.     

“真实“的分析:以“新写实小说“和“先锋小说“为例

当代小说创作中出现的“新写实主义小说”和“先锋小说”,无论在文学表现形态即表现、叙事语言、叙事策略等方面,还是对生活本质的把握上所进行的深层次审美探索,都是对传统真实性理论的革命性冲击,现实主义小说创作的审美姿态已不是唯一的选择,以小说叙事方法、叙事策略的变化为潮流的文体革命率先把人们的阅读带入新的视野。对“真实”这一文艺理论中富于思辩性命题进行重新考察,有助于理清创作主体、真实性、小说叙事的基本     

On the Diffusion Coefficient: The Einstein Relation and Beyond

We present a detailed derivation of the closed-form expression for the diffusion coefficient that was initially obtained by Einstein.[4] in press.  [Google Scholar] The present derivation does not make use of a fictitious force as did the original Einstein derivation, but instead concentrates directly on establishing a dynamic equilibrium between the forces of pressure and friction acting on a Brownian particle. This approach makes it easier to understand the true essence of the argument, and thus makes it simpler to apply the argument in a more general case or setting. We demonstrate this by deriving the equation of motion of a Brownian particle that is under the influence of an external force in the fluid with a non-constant temperature. This equation extends the well-known Smoluchowski approximation[24] Smoluchowski, M. von. 1915. Über Brownsche Molekularbewegung unter Einwirkung äußerer Kräfte und deren Zusammenhang mit der verallgemeinerten Diffusionsgleichung. Ann. Phys., 48: 1103–1112.  [Google Scholar] to the case of non-constant temperature, and offers new insights into the Ludwig–Soret and Enskog–Chapman effects (providing also a scholar example explaining the need for a stochastic integral). The key point in the derivation is reached by applying the Einstein dynamic equilibrium argument together with the conservation of the number of particles law. We show that this approach leads directly to the Kolmogorov forward equation whenever the setting is Markovian. The same method can also be applied in the case of interacting Brownian particles satisfying the van der Waals equation. In this setting we first demonstrate that the presence of short-range repulsive forces between Brownian particles tends to increase the diffusion coefficient, and the presence of long-range attractive forces between Brownian particles tends to decrease it. The method of derivation then leads to a nonlinear partial differential equation which in the case of weak interaction reduces to the Fokker–Planck equation. One of the main aims of the present article is to demonstrate that the Einstein argument leads to a truly dynamical theory of diffusion.