论我国野生动物资源所有权主体的多元化

野生动物所有权制度对野生动物的保护、开发和利用意义重大,但对野生动物是实行专属国家所有还是多重所有素有争议。鉴于我国野生动物国家所有权制度实效性偏低,已不能适应野生动物保护的新形势,笔者主张建立以国家为主体的多元化野生动物所有权制度。     

陆生野生动物资源资产统计分类体系构建

野生动物资源资产化管理是生态文明制度建设的重要内容。目前野生动物的过度利用已经造成许多野生动物处于濒危状态。因此健全野生动物资源产权制度,提高野生动物资源的使用和保护效率是当前迫切需要解决的问题之一,而解决这些问题的关键就是对野生动物资源进行资产化评估。以陆生野生动物作为研究对象,界定其资源资产的概念,参考SEEA中心框架等内容,构建陆生野生动物资源资产统计分类体系。在划分野外和人工繁育两大类别的基础上,从功能角度将陆生野生动物资源资产分为经济资产、生态服务资产和文化服务资产三类。最后通过分析各种已有的资产评估方法,提出适合各类陆生野生动物资源资产的评估方法。     

我国野生动物资源占用权研究

中国野生动物资源物权制度是一个野生动物资源归属制度和野生动物资源利用制度组成的二元结构体系。在“以利用为中心”的物权法发展趋势下，对野生动物资源进行实证类型化，并创建野生动物资源占用权的一整套系统的物权原理和一般规则，包括权利的主体、客体、内容、取得、转让和消灭等，有助于实现野生动物资源占用权的物权化。     

Terrestrial vertebrates in urban ecosystems: developing hypotheses for the Gwynns Falls Watershed in Baltimore,Maryland

We review the literature on terrestrial vertebrates in urban and urbanizing areas in terms of the new paradigm in ecology that focuses on the origin, spatial pattern, and current influences of habitat patches. Studies of terrestrial vertebrates have documented differences in species composition along an urban-rural gradient and have identified some of the key land use features associated with these differences. We use information from a database developed for the Gwynns Falls Watershed in Baltimore City and County, Maryland to demonstrate how a study of forest-dependent breeding birds could be used to identify mechanisms that account for differences in the bird communities of forest patches in urban areas, and to provide useful information to planners and managers involved in wildlife conservation and management.     

野生动物致害的国家补偿及其法制完善

我国现行野生动物致害补偿的法律制度存在严重的缺陷和不足,既不利于弥补受害人的损失,也不利于对野生动物的保护。因此,必须尽快完善相关的法律制度,促进野生动物的有效保护以及人与动物的和谐相处。     

论野生动物资源的物权法调整

偏重于公法调整的《野生动物保护法》难以适应野生动物保护的新形势,但关于野生动物资源的保护是否应引入私法调整之机制,法学界素有争议。借鉴德国、俄罗斯二国皆运用民法强化对野生动物资源保护的做法,本文从公益与私益关系之协调、经济运行规律、权利自治等方面论述了我国野生动物物权法调整的必要性,从野生动物资源的特定性与直接支配性方面论述了我国野生动物物权法调整的可行性,建议未来民法典总则关于野生动物应作出一般性的规定,以增强相关权利人的生态保护义务。     

Social Contagion of Risk Perceptions in Environmental Management Networks

An important requisite for improving risk communication practice related to contentious environmental issues is having a better theoretical understanding of how risk perceptions function in real‐world social systems. Our study applied Scherer and Cho's social network contagion theory of risk perception (SNCTRP) to cormorant management (a contentious environmental management issue) in the Great Lakes Basin to: (1) assess contagion effects on cormorant‐related risk perceptions and individual factors believed to influence those perceptions and (2) explore the extent of social contagion in a full network (consisting of interactions between and among experts and laypeople) and three “isolated” models separating different types of interactions from the full network (i.e., expert‐to‐expert, layperson‐to‐layperson, and expert‐to‐layperson). We conducted interviews and administered questionnaires with experts (e.g., natural resource professionals) and laypeople (e.g., recreational and commercial anglers, business owners, bird enthusiasts) engaged in cormorant management in northern Lake Huron (n = 115). Our findings generally support the SNCTRP; however, the scope and scale of social contagion varied considerably based on the variables (e.g., individual risk perception factors), actors (i.e., experts or laypeople), and interactions of interest. Contagion effects were identified more frequently, and were stronger, in the models containing interactions between experts and laypeople than in those models containing only interactions among experts or laypeople.     

论我国野生动物资源所有权主体的多元化

野生动物所有权制度对野生动物的保护、开发和利用意义重大,但对野生动物是实行专属国家所有还是多重所有素有争议。鉴于我国野生动物国家所有权制度实效性偏低,已不能适应野生动物保护的新形势,笔者主张建立以国家为主体的多元化野生动物所有权制度。     

野生动物资源价值评估的研究进展

作者在对大量国内外文献资料进行研究的基础上，对野生动物资源价值理论和构成、国内外研究的现状、目前主要采用的方法作了综述，指出了在野生动物价值评估研究中存在的诸多问题。文章同时提出了对今后野生动物资源价值评估研究的4点建议：进行野生动物资源价值的全面评估，开展典型物种案例研究，从国情出发建立我国野生动物资源价值评估理论框架和评估标准，建立全国野生动物资源价值评估数据平台。     

Vegetative characteristics of urban land covers in metropolitan Tucson

In this study we developed a methodology that associated land cover categories to aerial photographs. We selected 4, 42-mile (10 km2) study sites within metropolitan Tucson, Arizona for our pilot study. Land uses within these sites covered the range of landscapes found within Pima County, Arizona, although not necessarily in proportions representative of the metropolitan area. We designated land cover categories within the pilot sites based on recent (March, 1990) aerial photographs and developed a geographical information system (GIS) database of these land cover categories. We measured vegetation attributes on randomly selected samples within each land cover category and classified vegetation occurring on specific land cover categories according to the Brown et al. (1979) system. Our land cover classification system was nominal with a hierarchical structure, facilitating organization and providing flexibility for adding new categories.Our results showed that although neighborhood parks contained the greatest vegetated areas within our four study plots, very low density housing (4 acres/house), rivers whose banks were partially stabilized, naturally occurring washes (with no bank stabilization), and natural open space contained the highest percentage of native vegetation. Within our four study sites, low density housing (4 acres/house), rivers with partially stabilized banks, naturally occurring washes (no bank stabilization), and natural open space land cover categories contained the most area that was covered with vegetation providing escape cover.