历史书写与记忆塑造(下)——古腾堡在近代中国

三清末民初编译、书写的西洋历史书籍及有关文类,虽然一般都称道古腾堡印刷术的贡献,将古腾堡印刷术与中国印刷术进行对比,但并没有将古腾堡印刷术导源于中国,尽管个别人曾将火药、罗盘这两大发明归于中国西传。然而,这样的历史书写模式并没有一以贯之。特别是在20世纪     

An Integration Project in Civics and English

The intent of this article is to examine the significance of Carter G. Woodson to the historical development of the fields of curriculum and social studies, particularly as they relate to the evolution of the modern multicultural movement. The authors focus on Woodson's contributions through his curriculum and his pedagogical efforts in establishing a more rigorous and historically accurate social studies framework through his community education initiatives, the Negro History Bulletin, and his textbooks. They conclude the article with a discussion of how Woodson's efforts can have direct implications for social studies educators.     

Distribution of the random future life expectancies in log-bilinear mortality projection models

Projected life tables are obtained from forecasting methods and account for future improvements in longevity. Since the future path of mortality is unknown, working with projected life tables makes the survival probabilities stochastic. The resulting demographic indicators in turn become random variables. This paper aims to study the distribution of period and cohort life expectancies derived from projected life tables. To fix the ideas, we adopt here the standard Lee–Carter framework, where the future forces of mortality are decomposed in a log-bilinear way. Exact formulas are derived for period life expectancies, and approximations are proposed for cohort life expectancies. In the latter case, numerical illustrations based on Belgian population data show that the relative accuracy is remarkable.     

Lee–Carter mortality forecasting: a parallel generalized linear modelling approach for England and Wales mortality projections

Summary. The paper presents a reinterpretation of the model underpinning the Lee–Carter methodology for forecasting mortality (and other vital) rates. A parallel methodology based on generalized linear modelling is introduced. The use of residual plots is proposed for both methods to aid the assessment of the goodness of fit. The two methods are compared in terms of structure and assumptions. They are then compared through an analysis of the gender- and age-specific mortality rates for England and Wales over the period 1950–1998 and through a consideration of the forecasts generated by the two methods. The paper also compares different approaches to the forecasting of life expectancy and considers the effectiveness of the Coale–Guo method for extrapolating mortality rates to the oldest ages.     

卡特政府的对华政策与中美关系正常化

1977年卡特就任美国总统后,曾表示要继续推进对华关系,完成两国关系正常化进程,但同时又把对苏关系置于中美关系之上;在台湾问题上也是瞻前顾后,使得中美关系在他执政的第一年内没有取得任何重大进展.随着美苏缓和的受挫,美国政府决心加快对华关系正常化进程.经过双方的共同努力,中美两国终于就关系正常化达成了协议,从而结束了两国关系长期的不正常状态.     

Aspects of a new world development strategy II: Factors affecting the long-term prospects of developing nations

This paper explores some quantitative dimensions of the interdependence of rich and poor regions in the context of the United Nations World Model. It extends the original work on that model in three ways: (1) by updating some of the key parameters and exogenous variables in the light of recent data; (2) by developing a “control” solution to be used as a point of reference in policy simulations; and (3) by exploring the sensitivities of each of two groups of regions— developed and developing—to changes in one another's growth rates. Goals of closing the income gap between developed and developing regions and of increasing income levels in the latter are discussed.     

消解男女霸权———《新夏娃的激情》中的女性主义

安吉拉·卡特(AngelaCarter,1940-1992)是当代英国文坛备受关注的一位女作家,《新夏娃的激情》是她的代表作之一.在这部作品中,卡特通过主人公的一系列遭遇,揭露了父权社会中女性悲惨的生存状况,指出社会性别是一种建构.她在消解男性霸权的同时,也否定了激进女性主义者建立女性霸权的构想.在卡特看来,理想的两性关系应该建立在相互平等、相互尊重的基础之上,任何一方的霸权都是人类幸福生活的羁绊.     

Signature Scents

ABSTRACT

Perfume critique is an underdeveloped academic field, and this includes considerations of perfume as a theme within other art forms such as literature. In this article, Angela Carter's Wise Children and Monika Fagerholm's Wonderful Women by the Sea are read alongside perfume blogs in order to analyze the significance of perfume references in the novels. It is demonstrated that the authors' choice of perfumes for their characters plays a crucial part in their characterization, especially in relation to the theme of identity change. Using Alfred Gell's analysis of perfume use as bound up with “the transcendence of the sweet life,” it is argued that female characters use perfume to become someone else, sometimes a past self. Furthermore, the use of perfume as a literary device in these novels is shown serve as the vehicle for a feminist critique of the division between “masculine” “high” and “feminine” “low” culture.     

吉米·卡特与埃以关系正常化

本文以吉米·卡特在埃以关系正常化中所起的作用为主要内容,结合当时的国际背景,得出结论:国家与国家之间的关系调整固然与国家利益密切相关,而国家领导人个人的看法及其努力程度对局势的发展也是一个重要因素,甚至在某些事件中起着关键的作用。