边远民族地区高校非专业大学英语教学环境的哲学分析

马克思主义哲学认为世界上一切事物和现象之间以及构成事物的诸要素之间存在着相互依赖、相互影响和相互作用。这种联系的观点同样适用于我国的大学英语教学。大学英语教学本身并不是孤立的,它的开展离不开一定的教学环境,教学环境是否有利于大学英语教学会直接影响大学英语的教学效果。改善和创设有利的校园环境和课堂环境是边远民族地区高校推进非专业大学英语教学改革、提高大学英语教学质量的重要途径。     

太湖地区水利工程与环境生态

太湖流域水利建设取得了一定的成绩,然而水利工程对该流域的水情、水质、渔业及地方病等也带来若干环境生态问题。所以应该重视水利工程环境影响评价和运用管理,及对水域环境生态指标考核等工作。     

试析高校院系资料室的隐性功能

信息时代中 ,由于网络在查找资料上的方便与快捷 ,已经对当前高校的院系资料室形成较大的冲击 ,资料室存在的合理性因此受到质疑。然而 ,笔者认为网络可以取代的只是资料室的显性功能 ,而资料室本身所具有的隐性功能则是网络所无法替代的。本文主要以资料室的隐性功能的阐释为出发点 ,认为环境与交往是资料室隐性功能发挥的重要机制 ,进而剖析高校院系资料室隐性功能的具体体现     

生态化是小城镇建设的可持续之道

在城镇化的进程中，生态环境的恶化主要表现为小城镇建设活动中本身对生态环境的破坏；城镇布局和规划上的盲目性，忽视特色，对城镇文化底蕴的破坏；将经济效益与生态效益对立起来等。要想实现城镇化建设的可持续发展，必须以人为本，立足当前，注重长远，把城镇化的生态化作为枢纽和起点。     

A Tiered Framework for Risk‐Relevant Characterization and Ranking of Chemical Exposures: Applications to the National Children's Study (NCS)

A challenge for large‐scale environmental health investigations such as the National Children's Study (NCS), is characterizing exposures to multiple, co‐occurring chemical agents with varying spatiotemporal concentrations and consequences modulated by biochemical, physiological, behavioral, socioeconomic, and environmental factors. Such investigations can benefit from systematic retrieval, analysis, and integration of diverse extant information on both contaminant patterns and exposure‐relevant factors. This requires development, evaluation, and deployment of informatics methods that support flexible access and analysis of multiattribute data across multiple spatiotemporal scales. A new “Tiered Exposure Ranking” (TiER) framework, developed to support various aspects of risk‐relevant exposure characterization, is described here, with examples demonstrating its application to the NCS. TiER utilizes advances in informatics computational methods, extant database content and availability, and integrative environmental/exposure/biological modeling to support both “discovery‐driven” and “hypothesis‐driven” analyses. “Tier 1” applications focus on “exposomic” pattern recognition for extracting information from multidimensional data sets, whereas second and higher tier applications utilize mechanistic models to develop risk‐relevant exposure metrics for populations and individuals. In this article, “tier 1” applications of TiER explore identification of potentially causative associations among risk factors, for prioritizing further studies, by considering publicly available demographic/socioeconomic, behavioral, and environmental data in relation to two health endpoints (preterm birth and low birth weight). A “tier 2” application develops estimates of pollutant mixture inhalation exposure indices for NCS counties, formulated to support risk characterization for these endpoints. Applications of TiER demonstrate the feasibility of developing risk‐relevant exposure characterizations for pollutants using extant environmental and demographic/socioeconomic data.     

西北农村人口对生态环境的压力与生态移民的战略选择

人口与生态环境问题密切相关,对大量数据、指标的分析结果表明,西北农村地区人口对生态环境造成的压力已经十分严重,生态移民是最重要的缓解人口压力的途径。目前生态移民实践相对于生态环境保护的要求还存在一定差距,因此,还必须进一步加大生态移民的力度,拓宽生态移民的安置途径,把生态移民与农村城镇化发展结合起来,才能最终从根本上解决生态移民问题。     

The Subjectivity of Fairness: Managerial Discretion and Work–Life Balance

We use organizational justice theory to examine how perceptions of fairness affect the decision‐making process of line managers. In‐depth interviews were conducted with 35 Irish managers to explore how managers make organizational allocation decisions in cases where it is impractical to offer work–life balance accommodations to all employees. The findings suggest that firstly, managers construct the ‘life’ aspect of work–life balance within a heteronormative framework, where the emphasis is on caregiving and most usually parenting. Secondly, managers actively use their decision‐making powers around both formal and informal work–life balance supports to minimize injustice within their departments. By bringing together ideas about organizational justice and managerial decision‐making, we indicate how managers determine fairness through a decision‐making process narrowed by embedded gender role beliefs. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.     

Institutionalized collective action and the relationship between beliefs about environmental problems and environmental actions: A cross-national analysis

How do institutions affect the relationship between an individual's beliefs and their actions? Institutionalized strategies are routine ways of addressing problems that become taken-for-granted in a society. Environmental problems constitute a collective action problem in that personal consumption often conflicts with collective interests. I test whether beliefs about environmental problems have a different impact on a person's pro-environmental behaviors, depending on how addressing collective action problems is institutionalized in their society. In particular, I use level of welfare targeting as an observable, organizational difference among societies that reflects different institutionalized strategies for addressing a prominent collective action problem. I use multilevel models on data from the 2010 International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) and measures of welfare targeting from the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) to answer this question. I find that in societies where the institutionalized strategy for dealing with inequality is highly targeted, individuals' beliefs that these problems are important, real, and whether they can do something about them have a greater impact on their actions. The results suggest individuals generalize taken-for-granted strategies of assuring collective welfare to implement their individual beliefs about the environment, making institutional environments important moderators of the strength of the belief-action relationship.     

我国社区矫正工作社会化模式的建构——基于社区矫正工作目标的分析

社区矫正是社会化的刑罚执行方式,但从实践运作看,我国社区矫正的社会化程度依然不够,没有最大效度地达到社区矫正的目标.本文在对社区矫正工作目标进行分析的基础上,提出了我国社区矫正工作的社会化模式:基于责任共担的社区服刑环境建设、基于社会工作方法的个案矫正模式、基于社会人力资源的社会帮教工作.     

Engaging with Comparative Risk Appraisals: Public Views on Policy Priorities for Environmental Risk Governance

Communicating the rationale for allocating resources to manage policy priorities and their risks is challenging. Here, we demonstrate that environmental risks have diverse attributes and locales in their effects that may drive disproportionate responses among citizens. When 2,065 survey participants deployed summary information and their own understanding to assess 12 policy‐level environmental risks singularly, their assessment differed from a prior expert assessment. However, participants provided rankings similar to those of experts when these same 12 risks were considered as a group, allowing comparison between the different risks. Following this, when individuals were shown the prior expert assessment of this portfolio, they expressed a moderate level of confidence with the combined expert analysis. These are important findings for the comprehension of policy risks that may be subject to augmentation by climate change, their representation alongside other threats within national risk assessments, and interpretations of agency for public risk management by citizens and others.