加强思想道德教育着力从源头上防治腐败

改革开放以来,我国社会生活中出现了腐败现象蔓延的趋势,尤其是党政干部中存在比较严重的贪污受贿、以权谋私。腐败现象的存在有复杂的原因,理想信念的破灭、思想道德素质的滑坡是滋生腐败的根本原因之一。预防和治理腐败要靠法律和制度,也要靠思想道德教育,这是预防和治理腐败的根本措施。     

情与理的困惑选择--论时事小说的创作特色

时事小说是中国小说史上不可忽略的历史存在 ,由于与现实过分密切的关系 ,时事小说家们虽以史家自居 ,却不能很好地控制自己的情感 ,因此形成了时事小说情感与理智两相悖反的独特现象。本文从对明君中兴的企盼、对农民起义的态度、对神鬼迷信的描写三个方面来探讨时事小说中情感与理智的矛盾     

“生存”还是“生活”——论《邱园记事》中现代人的精神困境

弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫的短篇作品《邱园记事》展现了英国皇家花园的独特美景,但也揭示了现代人的精神困境。在自然风光之“静”的衬托下,以蜗牛行动为线索,四组人物的动态感得以呈现。伍尔夫采用不同叙事技巧,如:象征手法、意识流手法、对话等凸显了现代社会的弊端,即个人的精神压力沉重,漫无目的,畏于行动,注重物质“生存”而非富含思考的“生活”;就人与人之间的关系而言,最亲密的人也形同陌路,无比冷漠。由于战争等因素的影响,现代人“异化”严重。然而,伍尔夫还是对现代人摆脱精神困境寄予希望。     

基层民主自治进程中乡村计划生育政策落实的困境及出路——基于基层治理中“不出事逻辑”的分析视角

本文对基层民主自治进程中乡村计划生育政策落实的困境及出路进行了探讨。基层民主自治是我国的一项基本政治制度,实行基层民主自治是发展中国特色社会主义民主政治的重要内容。但是在乡村推行基层民主自治的过程中,乡村计划生育政策的落实陷入一些困境,这些困境集中表现为计生政策与村民生育愿望、与村委会选举、与社会保障体系、与利益导向机制及与其它相关部门和政策的冲突与矛盾。鉴于此,本文相对应地提出了加强宣传教育、完善村民自治、健全社会保障体系、健全舆论导向机制以及加强政策的同向性与协调度等对策建议,以期推动计划生育政策在乡村进一步落实。     

民国时期城市女性自由离婚的现实困境--以《大公报》为中心的考察

民国时期,在婚姻家庭变革思潮的影响下,一些不甘于承受不幸婚姻的城市女性开始逐渐冲破传统的“从一而终”的思想束缚,当婚姻无法维系时,尝试选择以离婚的方式还自己自由之身。但在民国当时的社会条件下,城市女性自由离婚之路却充满了荆棘和坎坷。女性自由离婚的实现还需要其自身和社会做长期的努力。     

Saints and sinners: Competing identities in public relations ethics

Public relations ethics is confused and often superficial in its approach, relying heavily on traditional theory, with only occasional reference to more recent developments in professional ethics, particularly feminist and global ethical perspectives.     

Ethical living: relinking ethics and consumption through care in Chile and Brazil

Mainstream conceptualizations of ‘ethical consumption’ equate the notion with conscious, individual, market‐mediated choices motivated by ethical or political aims that transcend ordinary concerns. Drawing on recent sociology and anthropology of consumption literature on the links between ordinary ethics and ethical consumption, this article discusses some of the limitations of this conceptualization. Using data from 32 focus groups conducted in Chile and Brazil, we propose a conceptualization of ethical consumption that does not centre on individual, market‐mediated choices but understands it at the level of practical outcomes, which we refer to as different forms of ‘ethical living’. To do that, we argue, we need to depart from the deontological understanding of ethics that underpins mainstream approaches to ethical consumption and adopt a more consequentialist view focusing on ethical outcomes. We develop these points through describing one particular ordinary moral regime that seemed to be predominant in participants’ accounts of ethics and consumption in both Chile and Brazil: one that links consumption and ethics through care. We show that the moral regime of care leads to ‘ethical outcomes’, such as energy saving or limiting overconsumption, yet contrary to the mainstream view of ethical consumption emphasizing politicized choice expressed through markets, these result from following ordinary ethics, often through routines of practices.     

Trustworthiness in evaluation practice: an emphasis on the relational

As canons for trustworthiness developed explicitly in the discourse of qualitative inquiry, the emphasis was on procedural matters rather than fundamentally relational ones. A nod was made to the relational in such strategies as “member checks” but the issues of how the evaluator actually relates to participants and to the larger communities of practice and discourse—matters subsumed under moral principles and ethical standards—were often marginalized. This chapter posits that the first consideration in designing and conducting rigorous evaluation inquiry, and in critiquing the results of any research, should be the study's trustworthiness. Judging a study's trustworthiness, however, should focus on much more than procedural matters; it should also rely on moral principles and ethical standards which specifically address how we relate to an evaluation's participants. Central to these considerations are cross-cultural sensibilities about the nuanced meanings associated with any principles and standards. The chapter provides a theoretical framework for this position and offers two illustrative examples in the form of dialogues.     

超越“事实”与“价值”之紧张:在普特南的视域中

“事实”与“价值”的二分虽业已成为现代西方道德哲学一个很重要的教条,甚至构成了现代西方政治哲学的根本前提,但是这种彻底割裂、极端二分以致二者紧张对峙的做法却不断遭到质疑与反驳.比如普特南就立足于实用主义转向后的基本立场,从认识论、伦理学和科学哲学的角度对事实与价值的二分法予以了激烈的批判.在认识论层面,普特南通过批判古典经验主义和逻辑实证主义的事实观念从而瓦解事实与价值二分法的认知基础;在伦理学层面,其通过对“混杂的”伦理概念的阐扬从而显明事实判断与价值判断之间的缠结;在科学哲学层面,其通过消解科学和伦理学之间的紧张从而揭明科学并非价值无涉,价值判断对于科学实践不可或缺.     

消费伦理与现代消费主义文化精神

消费主义是消费社会的核心价值观。批判消费主义是当前消费伦理学的前沿性课题,追问消费主义的伦理基础是文化批判理论不可或缺的重要内容。自消费革命以来,西方消费伦理思想大致经历了两次变革:一是消费的去道德化;二是消费的伦理价值重构。两次变革一方面以过度消费取代了满足基本生存需要的自然消费;另一方面,还以奢侈消费为善的道德判断颠覆了节俭消费的美德传统。解读西方消费主义文化与消费伦理之间的关系,对于我们认清当前消费生活颠倒性的实质内涵具有重要启示意义。