弗洛姆“逃避自由”思想对解析我国社会转型期民众心理的启示

弗洛姆的学术贡献之一是对人类自由进行了独到的剖析,指出在追求自由的进程中,人类摆脱了封建的束缚,却迎来了新的羁绊,从而造成了资本主义社会人的困境,处于困境中的现代人出现了极力逃避自由的反常现象。目前我国社会正处于剧烈的转型期,民众心理同样广泛存在着弗洛姆所指出的机械趋同、破坏欲、权威主义三种“逃避自由”机制的现象,这些问题成为我国社会各方面进一步发展所面临的严峻挑战。     

Women’s attitudes towards the medicalization of childbirth and their associations with planned and actual modes of birth

Problem

Rates of medical interventions in childbirth have greatly increased in the Western world.

Presence and process of fear of birth during pregnancy—Findings from a longitudinal cohort study

Background

The prevalence of fear of birth has been estimated between 8–30%, but there is considerable heterogeneity in research design, definitions, measurement tools used and populations. There are some inconclusive findings about the stability of childbirth fear.

大学生创业恐惧心理现状及对策

大学生对待创业的态度是积极的,但是大多数学生没有进行创业实践。创业恐惧心理已经成为阻碍大学生进行自主创业实践的重要因素。大学生创业成功率低、缺乏对自身创业能力的客观评估、缺少有效的创业支持系统和缺失宽松的创业环境等原因导致了大学生创业恐惧心理的产生。高校要以培育创新创业精神为理念,实施大学生创业教育;通过鼓励大学生参与创业计划大赛,积累实战经验。社会要以政府社会力量为依托,建立大学生创业保障体系;建立进取包容的创业文化,优化大学生创业环境。     

Hypothetical Fears and Quantitative Risk Analysis

Hypothetical fears are concepts, not quantities. Their conceptual nature makes impractical conventional quantitative risk analyses (QRA) based on benefit/cost/risk, so they become an unmeasured influence in national decision making. The decision process involves two steps, the Analytic Stage (QRA based) and the Priority Stage (resource allocation competition). This article suggests that a quantitative estimate of the social cost of fear reduction to acceptable levels be used as a surrogate QRA input to the Priority Stage.     

The effects of mass shootings on gun sales: Motivations,mechanisms, policies and regulations

Surges in firearm sales after mass shootings have been well documented in the United States. This study presents three main findings regarding the impact of mass shootings on firearm demand and the moderating roles played by political and regulatory climates. First, mass shootings led to an immediate but temporary increase in gun sales. This effect continued for approximately 3–6 months after the incidents and was larger for shootings with a greater number of fatalities. Second, the association between mass shootings and gun sales was significant only under Democratic presidents. The party affiliation of the state legislature and state-level gun control did not moderate this association. Third, the increased firearm sales after mass shootings did not result in a higher level of firearm ownership. It appeared most purchases were made by current gun owners stockpiling additional firearms, thus indicating the fear of stricter gun control as a likely motivation. This study offers the following policy implications: (a) the public debates concerning gun violence could have the unintended consequence of raising gun demand among current owners, (b) the message of tightening gun control could increase the total stock of firearms in circulation, and (c) the regulations to prevent future mass shootings may be better addressed by the state government as a state-level regulation does not trigger demand response among potential consumers.     

A theoretical perspective on “fear” as an organizational motivator for initiating public relations activities

This exploratory study identifies the correlation between perceived fear and the public relations activities of an organization. A survey of forty public relations professionals in Florida confirms that fear is a critical causal factor that motivates an organization to initiate or undertake public relations activities. The effect of fear on the public relations activities of an organization differed by public relations area. In addition, there was a gap between perception and actual public relations activities. Crisis and issues management were the areas most affected by perception, but in application media relations was the most practiced.