The epidemiology of schizophrenia among Caribbean-born and first- and second-generation migrants in Britain

The study of migrants in their new environments is often a useful means of investigating environmental influences on health. Migrants have been found to develop higher rates of mental illness compared to their counterparts who remain at home. These deleterious effects of migration have been attributed to selection factors and stressful life experiences. Migration from an agricultural and traditional society to an urban industrial society where value systems can be demanding, often leads to role strain and role conflict. These kinds of incongruities are the beginning of a series of stressful experiences that contribute to poor health/mental health status. The extent to which one experiences stress is dependent on a number of factors. First, it depends on the perceived difference between home and the new environment. Second, it depends on the cultural homogeneity of the new environment, that is, the extent to which the migrant is readily assimilated into the new culture or is able to maintain a traditional lifestyle by living in an ethnic enclave, and the psychological resources available to successfully access services in the new environment. This paper examines the rates, incidence, and prevalence of schizophrenia found in Caribbean-born immigrants to Britain, and first- and second-generation people of Caribbean background born in Britain. It is argued that Afro-Caribbean people in England are overrepresented in the diagnosis of schizophrenia. Factors that may contribute to this finding range from unemployment, social disadvantage status, social adversity, racism in the health and criminal justice systems, and misdiagnosis.This paper was completed when the author served as Distinguished Visiting Professor-William Patterson College, Wayne, New Jersey.     

Supportive Housing for Addicted,Incarcerated Homeless Adults

ABSTRACT

Homeless populations often suffer from mental illness, substance abuse, and criminality. Interventions, such as supportive housing, can have positive impacts, although benefits can be limited. This study examined outcomes for clients (N = 102) of a new supportive housing intervention. Use of formal treatment, jail contact, and community stability were compared pre- and post-housing. Jail bookings and residential substance abuse treatment significantly declined post-housing, while clients improved in income level, access to food, and housing stability. Results from official justice and treatment system data suggest that supportive housing can lead to significant changes. Future research is necessary to understand the relationship between client characteristics and outcomes.     

小学英语课堂分层教学模式初探

分层教学模式是深化课堂教学改革的重要途径之一。从个别差异和因材施教理论入手,阐述了分层教学模式在小学英语课堂当中的可实践性,并以合作小组的运用、评价分层作为其中的催化,对分层教学模式的运用进行了初步探讨。     

Moving On From Supportive Housing (MOSH): Development and evaluation of a transitional skill-building curriculum for providers helping residents exit homeless services

This article describes the development and evaluation of MOSH (Moving On From Supportive Housing), a transitional skill-building curriculum for providers helping residents exit homeless services to mainstream housing without embedded supports. In this evaluation, we assess the feasibility, acceptability, fit, and potential efficacy of the MOSH curriculum to improve proximal provider-level outcomes, including self-efficacy to provide MOSH-related independent living skills and supports. Homeless-services providers (N = 49) from a range of programs and settings participated in the training. Findings from focus groups and pre- and posttest surveys indicate high levels of overall satisfaction with the training. The majority of trainees perceived the training to be useful to their work and potentially useful for service recipients, felt the training would fit well within their existing day-to-day work, and said they were very likely to use MOSH skills in such work. Statistically significant improvements in self-efficacy regarding all skills but one were also found. MOSH holds promise as an intervention that can enhance provider practice and promotion of independent living skills in homeless services. Although these initial findings on MOSH are encouraging, further research will be needed to evaluate provider knowledge gains and effective use of these skills in practice.     

法社会学中的个体角色与和谐社会的法治构造

和谐社会是成千上万优秀个体角色组成的,社会规范下的个体角色的认知与责任是构建现代和谐社会的基础。优秀的个体角色的形成,是构建和谐社会的法治基础。个体角色对权利、义务认知,个体角色的道德观念和行为准则是对社会规范、社会习俗的尊重。法律规范社会化下的个体角色,实质上是塑造与社会公共权利机关所确定的社会规范相适应的自我。个体角色彼此之间都是一面镜子,相互反映着对方的自我,任何一个个体角色都可以从其他角色的态度中来认识自我。个体角色彼此之间又都在无形中相互影响、起着率先垂范的作用。     

中国古代词选的承传

中国古代词选的承传,主要体现在三条线索中:一是分调选编的承传;二是分类选编的承传;三是分人选编的承传。古代词选的承传,为词作选本发挥欣赏、批评与文献传播的多方面价值产生了积极的作用。     

对建筑类型学及其方法论的浅识

类型学是一种分析建筑的方法,通过对建筑类型学的不同发展阶段的研究、认识,可以使建筑设计师对特定历史的文化生活与真实的环境条件进行分析,从而设计出类似于已往而又不同于以往建筑形式的理想建筑。     

祖先崇拜与人类主体地位的觉醒——以《诗经》为中心的考察

《诗经·商颂》与《诗经·大雅》中带有史诗因素的祭祀祖先的诗歌,集中体现了商、周部族对自己始祖的歌颂,以及对人类自身价值的发现和尊重,反映了这一时期人们主体意识的进一步提高——由自然主体转变为社会主体,有了明确的"类"意识。但这种意识是是群体的,因为,这时的个人还没有能力离开集体独立生存,也就不可能产生个体意识。     

Homeless Youths’ Interests in Social Action via Photovoice

Engaging homeless youth in services is challenging. Novel methods are needed to better retain and empower this population. Photovoice, an innovative form of community-based participatory research, facilitates participants’ use of photography to document their everyday lives and struggles, while advocating for social change. This study examines, among 22 homeless youth, whether and why youth would be interested in participating in Photovoice activities, the types of social issues youth would be motivated to explore, and homeless youths’ opinions about committing to a longer-term, group-oriented project. Photovoice may represent promise in engaging marginalized and difficult-to-retain populations.