高校科研管理工作的几点思考

本文从五个方面对高校科研管理工作进行了阐述,提出了一些自己的看法,旨在进一步改进科研管理工作.     

Information and communications technologies, strategic asymmetry and national security

In the history of warfare, there are a number of examples of strategic uses of asymmetric technologies. Consistent with history and theory, individuals, organizations and nations have spotted opportunities to employ information and communications technologies to gain and exploit asymmetric advantages and to counter asymmetric weaknesses. This article discusses various asymmetries associated with institutions, nations and organizations that influence the ICT-national security nexus. Regulative, normative and cognitive institutions in a country provide various mechanisms that affect the nature of positive and negative asymmetries. Nations and organizations also differ in terms of their capability to assimilate ICT tools to gain positive asymmetries and deal with vulnerabilities of negative asymmetries. Integrative approaches that combine policy and technological measures at various levels are likely to make the world more secure.     

Insecure times? Workers' perceived job and labor market security in 23 OECD countries

By examining the association between employees' perceptions of job security and central labor market policies and characteristics, this paper seeks to understand the mechanisms through which institutions generate confidence and positive expectations among individuals regarding their economic future. The analyses distinguish between different facets of perceived job security and different institutional mechanisms. My multilevel analyses of a data set that contains information on 12,431 individuals and 23 countries show that some labor market policies and characteristics are more likely than others to provide workers with subjective security. Unemployment assistance in particular is an effective means of reducing workers' worries about job loss. Dismissal protection, by contrast, only unleashes its psychologically protective effects under certain conditions. The paper's main conclusion is that the effectiveness of policies varies and that different types of labor market institutions serve as complements rather than as substitutes.     

能源安全体系建构的理论与实践

在我国能源安全面临的一系列重大问题中，能源领域的政策规划薄弱，法律保障制度建设与管理体制改革滞后，能源供应与能源安全保障体系缺乏相关政策、法律和制度的保障。只有真正做到政策、法律和管理体制“三位一体”，才能确保国家能源安全。本文从能源安全体系建构的理论和实践出发，借鉴西方能源安全战略实践，从政策、法律和管理体制等角度，对我国能源安全体系的内在机制建构进行分析，旨在为我国与中东能源合作提供借鉴与参考。     

试论我国行政事业单位人力资源管理的现状及对策

行政事业单位的管理水平对整个国民经济的发展有着重要的作用。目前我国人力资源管理还存在种种缺陷,为改变现状,从宏观上应改革现有的行政事业单位管理体制;从微观上对基层工作人员引入竞争机制,对中上层干部,实行终身雇佣制,同时应建立公平的干部选拔机制和合理的分配体制。     

The disorganized family: institutions,practices and normativity

This paper considers the value of a normative account of the relationship between agents and institutions for contemporary efforts to explain ever more complex and disorganized forms of social life. The character of social institutions, as they relate to practices, agents and norms, is explored through an engagement with the common claim that family life has been de‐institutionalized. The paper argues that a normative rather than empirical definition of institutions avoids a false distinction between institutions and practices. Drawing on ideas of social freedom and creative action from critical theory, the changes in family life are explained not as an effect of de‐institutionalization, but as a shift from an organized to a disorganized institutional type. This is understood as a response to changes in the wider normative structure, as a norm of individual freedom has undermined the legitimacy of the organized patriarchal nuclear family, with gender ascribed roles and associated duties. Contemporary motherhood is drawn on to illustrate the value of analysing the dynamic interactions between institutions, roles and practices for capturing both the complexity and the patterned quality of social experience.     

论大学生思想政治教育的目标定位

大学生思想政治教育必须有正确的目标定位,没有目标定位或目标定位不正确必然导致工作的盲目性。高校育人目标虽然是大学生思想政治教育的根本目标或最终目标,但不是大学生思想政治教育的直接目标或具体目标。明确大学生思想政治教育的目标,结合学校实际和大学生思想实际对大学生思想政治教育进行正确的目标定位,是有计划、有针对性地开展大学生思想政治教育,提高大学生思想政治教育成效的基础。     

Institutionalized collective action and the relationship between beliefs about environmental problems and environmental actions: A cross-national analysis

How do institutions affect the relationship between an individual's beliefs and their actions? Institutionalized strategies are routine ways of addressing problems that become taken-for-granted in a society. Environmental problems constitute a collective action problem in that personal consumption often conflicts with collective interests. I test whether beliefs about environmental problems have a different impact on a person's pro-environmental behaviors, depending on how addressing collective action problems is institutionalized in their society. In particular, I use level of welfare targeting as an observable, organizational difference among societies that reflects different institutionalized strategies for addressing a prominent collective action problem. I use multilevel models on data from the 2010 International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) and measures of welfare targeting from the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) to answer this question. I find that in societies where the institutionalized strategy for dealing with inequality is highly targeted, individuals' beliefs that these problems are important, real, and whether they can do something about them have a greater impact on their actions. The results suggest individuals generalize taken-for-granted strategies of assuring collective welfare to implement their individual beliefs about the environment, making institutional environments important moderators of the strength of the belief-action relationship.     

政府偏好与制度起源:以1950年代后的收容遣送政策为例

尽管学术文献里没有给出政府偏好的恰当定义,但它的确是解释中国制度变迁中的一个重要变量。运用制度学派的有关制度变迁理论,对收容遣送制度起源的历史作出政治学的解释,可以认为,巩固政权以及与此相联系的城市化与工业化的双重压力,都对政府治理城市秩序的偏好产生了重大影响。1950年代以后的收容遣送政策及其实践,为考察政府偏好与制度设计之间的关联提供了生动的素材。     

老年人照顾体系的建立及其法律完善

人口老龄化是一种全球性发展趋势,中国也不例外。我国必须在构建老年社会养老保障体系的同时构建老年照顾体系。本文分析了我国老年人照顾需求的现状和老年照顾问题在家庭养老和社会养老方面的严峻性。根据实际情况,探索并构建适合我国国情的老年照顾体系。同时,对立法中需要确立的指导思想、资金来源、照顾主体、具体照顾服务制度以及相关法律责任等提出建议,为老年人照顾的长期顺利实施提供法律依据。