有机污染物降解的光化学及微生物降解方法探索

随着塑料用途的不断扩大和消费量的日益增长，塑料废弃物也与日俱增，环境污染和社会公害等问题也日趋严重。塑料废弃物具有不易降解性，它不仅污染环境（土壤、水源等），还会阻止其它物质的降解。文章试图从基本机理入手，找到有机物降解的最有效途径，以达到保护环境、节约能源的目的。     

一种求解双目标线性规划的方法及其在上海市土地使用和交通方面的应用

本文介绍了一种求解双目标线性规划(SBLP)的方法.根据上海市土地使用与交通的现状建立了一个拟动态的模型(BOLT),并用该方法加以求解。根据得到的解对上海市土地使用与交通相互作用的情况进行了分析。     

Community involvement in land regularization for informal settlements in Tanzania: A strategy for enhancing security of tenure in residential neighborhoods

This paper documents and analyzes how landholders managed to uplift status of their neighborhood from hazard land as designated by the 1978 master plan to a regularized residential settlement through land regularization in Dar es Salaam city. Specifically, explores policy framework governing land regularization and how the local community explored the opportunities it offers. Documents the local community planning and land regularization processes undertaken focusing on land use planning, drainage construction, and cadastral survey and discuses how financial resources were raised, trust was built as well as factors which sustained community involvement towards meeting their interests of securing tenure. The paper also, draws challenges facing land regularization policy and recommends areas for further interventions commensurate with the human dimension challenges in securing tenure.Underlying community involvement, those aspects of community, which have been connected to the idea of social capital namely existence of committed leadership in land development matters, embracing mechanism for participatory decision making process and educational background to local leaders were particularly important in determining success for the case. Others include economic ability to contribute, high proportion of landholder settlers, land conflict task force formulation, local consensus to solve commonly felt problems, existence of strong community organization, and unwritten norms put in place to regulate individual behavior in building construction. Weak legal recognition of informal settlement, lengthy and bureaucratic procedures in planning and approval of regularization plans, weak knowledge on land management matters, short-term title deeds with low financial betterments, political popularity are identified critical challenges.Some of recommendations put forward include formalization of the grass-roots role in decision-making, decentralizing some of land development control functions to sub-ward leaders and training the same in basic land management matters. Others include definition of norms; by-laws and government facilitation of informal land parceling. Besides community support should be sought so as to create partnership in the promotion of security of tenure in informal areas. The study concludes that, unless land development activities ongoing in informal settlements are closely monitored and regulated as the settlement grow, it will be too costly socially and economically to retrofit once the settlement have identified.     

耕地基准地价评估研究

通过分析不同级别耕地经济总产值与其相应质量指数、社会经济投入指数间的内在关系和建立数学模型 ,求得不同级别耕地可比经济产值 ,从而剔除耕地收益中有差别的社会劳动投入 ,并以此为基础采用收益还原法测算不同级别耕地基准地价 ,以杨凌区为例进行了实证分析     

土地征用法律程序的失范与完善

国家行使土地征用权的机会结构是土地征用制度改革中的一个焦点问题,土地征用权正当合理的行使,不仅需要在实体法上进行规制,更需要完善程序法来实现进一步控制。在土地征用启动环节中建立公告程序、公共利益认定程序,明晰土地征用补偿纠纷救济程序,有助于提高政府公共政策的社会可接受性,避免征地过程中的抗争行为。     

基于土地增值的城中村改造利益分配研究

土地增值是城中村改造的经济支撑,城中村改造的焦点是土地增值利益分配问题。本文通过分析城中村土地增值的影响因素,指出影响城中村土地增值的显著原因是位置变化与外部性影响。在对西安市城中村问卷调查的基础上,提出组建长期利益分享联盟是解决土地增值利益分配问题的有效途径,是完成城中村改造的关键。     

Planning Strategically or by the Book?—Contentious Land Use Planning in South-eastern Finland

The debate on strategic spatial planning highlights the limitations of statutory land use planning in weighing up future options for spatial development, particularly in instances of rapid change. This paper draws on this debate in order to analyse planning institutions and practices in Finland. The case in point is the south-eastern border region where interdependencies with Russia, particularly shopping tourism, have created pressures on land use and led to contentious planning processes between regional and central levels of government. It is argued that, in the absence of cross-border spatial co-ordination, there is a need to establish links between regional land use planning and visions of spatial scenarios in the national context.     

20世纪30-40年代青浦西部的地租额与粮食亩产量

20世纪30-40年代青浦西部地祖额与祖佃田地的地权性质和自然条件相关联;佃户拥有租佃田地的“田面”地租额低,佃户不拥有租佃田地的“田面”地租额则高;租佃田地为“高田”地租额高,租佃田地为“低田”、“荡田”地租额则低。另外,20世纪30-40年代青浦西部的粮食亩产量以及复种指数也与田地的自然条件相关联:“高田”的粮食亩产量远高于“低田”、“荡田”的粮食亩产量。     

社会转型时期的民法回归

在传统的民法里,婚姻家庭关系、劳动关系和土地财产关系的调整,均属于民法的任务,但在前苏俄民法里,这些社会关系的调整都脱离民法而呈独立状态。新中国成立后,由于承袭前苏俄的法律观念,也将这些社会关系的调整从民法中剥离出去;改革开放以后,这些社会关系的调整逐渐呈现出不同程度回归民法的趋势。     

Bayesian estimation of reliability using time-to-failure distribution of parametric degradation models

This paper focusses on computing the Bayesian reliability of components whose performance characteristics (degradation – fatigue and cracks) are observed during a specified period of time. Depending upon the nature of degradation data collected, we fit a monotone increasing or decreasing function for the data. Since the components are supposed to have different lifetimes, the rate of degradation is assumed to be a random variable. At a critical level of degradation, the time to failure distribution is obtained. The exponential and power degradation models are studied and exponential density function is assumed for the random variable representing the rate of degradation. The maximum likelihood estimator and Bayesian estimator of the parameter of exponential density function, predictive distribution, hierarchical Bayes approach and robustness of the posterior mean are presented. The Gibbs sampling algorithm is used to obtain the Bayesian estimates of the parameter. Illustrations are provided for the train wheel degradation data.