玻璃熔接过程中的流变分析

继文献〔1〕的研究,针对激光于界面反射法定义及测定玻璃一个特性点时,双片玻璃试样熔接过程中的流变特性进行了理论分析,用简化的模型,探讨了上述方法的测定机制。     

用自组装法制备聚合物纳米复合膜

建立在静电相互作用原理基础上的自组装法是一新型制备聚合物纳米复合超薄膜的方法。文章比较了自组装法（self—assembly,SA）与Langmuir—Blodgett技术（LB）及其它方法在制备有机复合膜时的优劣。SA法由于操作简单、适用范围广、膜的结构稳定性较高,因此较LB技术等具有更大的实用价值。利用SA法,可以制备各种有机聚电解质与其带相反电荷的有机聚电解质、粘土类片状化合物及无机纳米颗粒、生物大分子等组成的聚合物纳米复合膜,为实现复合膜的功能化创造了条件。     

减少流液洞中玻璃液回流

分析了流液洞中玻璃液流情况,提出了流液洞设计和使用中消除或减少回流的措施。     

从俞平伯晚年自省和“李希凡自述”想到的(之三)——回应俞平伯晚年的红学研究反思

俞平伯先生晚年的红学自省是真实可信的,应引起红学界高度重视,他的红学研究思想的重大变化同1954年那场对他的批评有内在的因果关系。对当年那场"批俞评红"不能全盘否定,不能只讲负面问题,全面否定其正确性和必要性。现在红学研究的一些乱象正是当年批判过了的错误研究思想、研究方法的泛滥。这种泛滥同对当年的全盘否定不无关系。     

董作宾:乡土研究的先驱

20世纪中国民间文艺学史上存在过多种流派 ,如歌谣研究会、文学人类学派、社会—民族学派、“古史辨”派神话学、民俗学派、俗文学学派、延安学派等。作为第一个流派的歌谣研究会 ,是一个颇松散的团体和流派 ,其中持乡土研究观点的学者 ,如顾颉刚、常惠、董作宾、台静农、钟敬文、罗香林、白启明、刘经等 ,在歌谣研究会流派中占主流地位。本文以董作宾的《看见她》母题研究及其他研究为个例 ,阐明乡土研究思潮是 2 0世纪中国现代民间文艺学的最早的一种研究思潮 ,董作宾 (以及顾颉刚等 )在实践和理论上的成就 ,奠定了中国民间文艺学作为一个独立的人文学科的最初的理论基础。本文从 (1)“母题”的引入和比较研究的实践 ,(2 )家乡歌谣学应时而生 ,(3)考订与考订者 ,(4)综合研究模式的尝试四个方面 ,对董作宾的民间文艺学思想遗产和历史地位作历史的考察。     

他者的侵凌与自我的毁灭——张爱玲小说的拉康式解读

张爱玲小说中始终存在着“自我”与“他者”的二元对立结构,因受到他人的制约,其笔下的人物难以完成自我建构,个体甚至因他者的入侵而走向异化或毁灭,这与拉康哲学中关于自我与他者关系的论述相契合.借助拉康镜像论、凝视论、他者论来解读张爱玲小说中自我与他者的关系,可深入发掘其笔下人物的自我建构过程,细致辨析张爱玲运用的“窥视”笔法,通过《传奇》增订版等具体个案分析他者欺凌与自我毁灭的二元构成.从拉康式精神分析的视角观照张爱玲创作,有利于多角度地深入思考张爱玲小说的精神内涵.     

网络青年文化的“自我空间”论

后现代的网络社会既给青年人寻找自我、建构身份搭建了广阔的新舞台,也为青年人提供了一个空间自由、文化自主的新天地——青年文化的"自我空间"。在这样一个以"自我"为中心和遵循"快乐至上"原则的空间里,青年人主动将自我符号化,充分运用网络媒介的自主权,通过创建微电影、微小说等微美学文本,把自己的内心世界投射到网络社会并最大限度地释放与表现、宣泄与满足。他们在"自我空间"里呈现自我、形塑自我的同时,也进行着青年亚文化的传播与实践。     

The Best and Worst Times of Life: Narratives and Assessments of Subjective Well-Being by Anamnestic Comparative Self Assessment (ACSA) in the Eastern Cape,South Africa

The Anamnestic Comparative Self Assessment (ACSA) measure of subjective well-being (SWB) aims to reduce the problems of cultural bias and relativity to external standards by allowing people to define the endpoints or ‘anchors’ of the measurement scale. In medical terminology anamnestic denotes ‘based on memory’. The ACSA uses subjects’ memories of the best and worst periods in their lives to define the anchors of the scale. They then assess their current quality of life relative to these personal anchors. The South African pilot study tested the match between self-assessment of SWB with ACSA and the conventional single-item measures of life satisfaction and happiness used in the South African Quality of Life Trends Study and analysed the narratives of the best and worst times of life. The quota sample of 46 consisted of 26 residents of Makana district in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa, and 20 patients undergoing treatment in the local TB hospital. Mean SWB ratings with all three measures of life satisfaction, happiness and ACSA were between 5 and 6 on a 0–10-point scale. Ratings on all three scales were positively correlated. However, on ACSA the TB patients rated their current SWB 1.84 points lower than the community respondents, suggesting a greater sensitivity of this measure. It was observed that the starting points of the life stories produced by respondents to define the anchor periods for ACSA were related to their current assessment of SWB. A typology was developed that combined the starting point of the life stories with current SWB. The majority of community respondents matched the ‘Achiever’ type who scored positively on ACSA (i.e., above the mid-point of the scale) and whose life stories started with the worst period of their lives and proceeded to the best period. The TB patients were the only respondents to represent the ‘Survivor’ type whose morale had recovered after misfortune in life. ‘Survivors’ started their narratives with the best period in their lives, then moved to the worst (often health-related) one, and gave positive ACSA ratings. Based on the qualitative analysis of narratives, it is concluded that ACSA is a sensitive measurement instrument and therefore particularly useful for monitoring the effects of treatments and social interventions in longitudinal studies. However, further research is required to verify its cross-cultural validity.

Sustained Empathic Focus and its Application in the Treatment of Couples

Although all psychoanalytically informed approaches to couples therapy recognize the importance of underlying dynamics, there are important differences in the focus of the treatment. This paper suggests a focus that is based on a self-psychological/intersubjective viewpoint. Two concepts that exemplify this model, a sustained empathic focus and an appreciation of the experience of vulnerability, are discussed and applied to a couples session. What is emphasized in this material is a process of focusing on underlying vulnerability, affect and subjective experience.

The Gender Pay Gap in the US: Does Sector Make a Difference?

Analyses of data from the 2000 US Census show that the gender pay gap differs by sector of employment and according to the part of the earnings distribution that is considered. The gender pay differential in the private sector in the US does not display either the glass ceiling or sticky floor effects that have been reported for many other countries. The government sector is, however, characterized by a distinct sticky floor effect in the female–male pay differential. Regardless of the sector of employment, females have lower hourly rates of pay than men across the entire earnings distribution.