从文明交往看巴以冲突

从文明交往角度看 ,巴以冲突的持久难息缘于以下因素 :地理上 ,巴勒斯坦是巴勒斯坦人和犹太人共同的根 ;宗教上 ,伊斯兰教与犹太教尖锐对立 ;巴以交往中迥异的民族利益。巴以冲突短时期内难以平息 ,但从长远来看 ,和平共存是巴以民族问题的最终解决之路     

Participatory shaping of community futures in e‐waste processing hubs: Complexity,conflict and stewarded convergence in a Palestinian context

This article describes an unconventional participatory development approach carried out in an informal e‐waste hub in South‐West Hebron, an area that has collected and processed the bulk of Israeli e‐waste for over a decade. Our approach contributes to the critique and recovery of community representation in participatory development and the search for ways to facilitate representative community engagement. Specifically, we describe our use of a novel Delphi‐like method that allowed us to facilitate a broadly endorsed development trajectory within a heterogeneous and conflicted community. We show how the results yielded by this approach diverged from those that were likely to emerge from more facile forms of participation in ways that are important for other similar e‐waste hubs internationally, which face a destructive status quo on the one hand, or the economically ruinous international policies that ban e‐waste trade from “developed” to “developing” countries on the other. Despite real tensions and cleavages within the affected communities, the process described facilitated a shift from deadlocked environmental versus livelihood positions towards building capacity and regulating existing informal e‐waste trades to preserve livelihoods dependent on these.     

Focusing on Focusing Events: Event Selection,Media Coverage,and the Dynamics of Contentious Meaning‐Making

Despite the prevalent assumption among scholars of social movements and contentious politics that transformative contentious events are also the focus of public attention and discussion, there has been little attempt to substantiate this. After making a case for why to focus on focusing events and suggesting that these events should be thought of as products of a dialogical contentious meaning‐making process, we develop a coverage attribute‐based method for identifying focusing events. For illustrative purposes, we apply our method to the coverage of contentious events during the “first” intifada by Israeli‐Jewish, Jewish settler, and Palestinian newspapers. Findings from analyses of 11,868 news items reveal that newspapers are likely to strategically quiet contentious events that are strategically amplified by newspapers affiliated with opposing or targeted parties, and vice versa, depending on their interpretation of these events as political opportunities or threats. Analyses of variations across and within contending parties reveal the role of structure and agency in the dialogical seesaw‐like dynamics of contentious meaning‐making.     

伊拉克、黎巴嫩、巴勒斯坦政治结构比较研究

美国于2003年发动的伊拉克战争对中东地区政治制度产生了深刻影响,一些中东国家或政权的政治结构和政治力量对比因此出现了重大变化。其中,尤以伊拉克、黎巴嫩、巴勒斯坦的变化最为显著,它们按照政党制、议会制、选举制的模式各自进行了政治制度变革的尝试,并取得了一定进展,但总体尚不成熟。从西方引进的民主制度无疑改变了这些国家或政权的政治生活,有一定的积极作用,但不是治本良药,中东地区的问题需依靠地区自身来解决。     

伊战对阿以和平进程的影响

美国发动的对伊战争将使阿伯世界进一步分裂与重组。战后,美国虽主导了“中东和平路线图”计划,但美并未改变其袒以压巴政策,以也未改变其对巴的强硬政策,因此,和平路线图计划将面临重重困难,中东地区很可能继续处于动荡之中,中东和平仍将路漫漫。     

Stepniak and the friends of Russia

This paper discusses the activities of Stepniak once he arrived in Britain in 1884. In particular, it is concerned to trace Stepniak's relations with Socialist groups. Although work has already been completed on his contact with Liberals, this other aspect of his activity, symbolized by the founding of the shortlived Society of Friends of Russia, has been relatively neglected. It is possible, however, to unearth the various contacts with socialists that this emigre made in the 11 years that he was politically active in this country. It was these individuals rather than the Liberals he knew, that kept alive Stepniak's memory.     

爱德华·萨义德对巴勒斯坦问题的研究

爱德华·萨义德是一位在国际上享有极高声誉但又有争议的人物。他的著述无论就其涉及领域的宽广程度还是重要程度而言，均给人们留下深刻印象，特别是他的东方学和后殖民文学已成为大多数学者关注和研究的焦点。本文力图突破前人的角度和观点，从他对巴勒斯坦问题的研究展开讨论。通过对他的思想进行深刻解读可以看出他的所思所述为世人打开一扇窗，使人们以开放的思想对巴勒斯坦问题进行进一步思考。     

阿拉伯国家支持巴勒斯坦事业的双重性

基于阿拉伯民族主义共同利益，阿拉伯国家均支持巴勒斯坦人事业，这为巴勒斯坦人的长期斗争提供了可能。然而，在支持巴勒斯坦人的同时，阿拉伯各国又有着不同的利益考量，这对巴勒斯坦问题产生了一些消极影响。阿拉伯国家对巴勒斯坦问题的政策，在深层次上反映了阿拉伯民族主义和地方阿拉伯民族主义之间的关系，即阿拉伯民族主义往往是实现地方阿拉伯民族主义利益的一种工具或手段。     

从巴勒斯坦开罗协议的实施看哈马斯的战略调整

2005年3月17日，巴勒斯坦13个力量派别在开罗达成协议，接受巴自治当局提出的对以色列“熄火”(亦称“平静期”)和停火建议。这标志着哈马斯对巴自治政府和巴解组织传统的立场和态度的重大转变，同时也标志着它对以色列斗争策略的战术变化。哈马斯进入巴勒斯坦决策层肯定会使巴自治政府在巴以谈判中的立场趋于强硬，中东和平进程因此会充满更多的变数。