Ethnic appeal: A self-defense tool for Kenyan politicians

So far, analyses of apologetic rhetoric strategies as used by individuals or organizations to respond to accusations of wrongdoing have been concentrated in the West. An analysis of political apologia in an African setting – in this case Kenya – reveals that while Kenyan politicians have used denial, victimization, mortification, and counterattacking among other self-defense strategies, one particular strategy emerges as the most commonly used by Kenyan politicians – ethnic appeal.     

东南亚女性政治家崛起现象研究

在人类的发展历史中,男女性别上的差异导致了政治在传统上一直是男性主导的领域,而那些能够在政治上有所作为的女性则屈指可数,活跃在政坛上的也大多数是男性政治家。自古以来,人们就形成了女性不适合参与政治的共识,女性只拥有从属地位,是对男性的一种补充。纵观当今世界,虽然在许多国家存在着女性领导人的案例,但是东南亚女性政治家的从政参政与其他地区有着明显的不同,在东南亚国家的政治发展过程中出现了多位女性政治家,并在所在国的政坛中发挥着重要作用。文章将以东南亚女性的政治影响力为起点,对东南亚女性政治家的崛起现象进行描述,并结合亨廷顿的＂第三波民主化浪潮＂的三种社会背景对东南亚女性政治家崛起现象的特点和原因进行分析论述。     

Psychologists and psychiatrists who violate the Goldwater Rule are guilty of malpractice

ABSTRACT

A number of psychiatrists and psychologists declared in the past year that the newly elected president was unfit to hold office due to mental illness, or being dangerous. Such declarations were made even though the subject had not been personally interviewed or tested and, consequently, they are guilty of malpractice. This has aggravated the already toxic milieu, wherein various prominent individuals have called for a coup d’etat to take place and families have broken up over election choices. Historical precedents for the current actions of these psychiatrists are presented, both in the United States and overseas. Dissenting psychiatrists brought up the Goldwater Rule that was created after the 1964 presidential election, which states that a psychiatrist may not make pronouncements of mental health on an individual that they have not personally examined. It is urged that the American Psychological Association and the Association for Psychological Science adopt the ethical Goldwater Rule.     

European Welfare Futures: The Views of Key Influentials in Six European Countries on Likely Developments in Social Policy

The welfare state, having reached maturity in most European countries, faces challenges from economic, social and political developments. Some studies argue that common pressures are likely to evoke similar responses; others suggest that the differences between welfare regimes both permit and require different policies. It is also suggested that the single European market will require convergence in tax regimes, social provision and entitlements to ensure fairer competition and to prevent "social dumping". Analysis of data from a survey of politicians, representatives of business, trade unions, civil servants and others shows some convergence in the recognition of problems in welfare policy and in ideas about finance. However, debate about the response to similar issues often differs, according to the detail of institutional structure and the pattern of interests it produces.     

Public to private and back again: the role of politicians’ wives in British election campaign coverage

The wives of politicians are a longstanding feature of electoral campaign coverage in the UK, and yet until now there has been no systematic study examining their role and mediated representation in political reporting. By drawing upon a sample of 630 newspaper items from five daily newspapers, this article will demonstrate that between 1918 and 2010 the representation of political wives has changed in three main ways. Firstly, their role in the campaign process changed from focusing more on their political function as active campaigners, to becoming more focused on their private lives. Secondly, the coverage has narrowed from focusing on a broad range of politicians’ wives, to being centred almost entirely on the spouses of political party leaders. The final change is that the press reportage of politicians’ spouses has become increasingly negative and critical of their presence on the campaign trail.