Interpersonal dependency of preferences

Standard decision theoretic models disregard the phenomenon of interpersonal dependency of preferences. In this paper it is argued that interpersonal dependency of preferences is a serious challenge for standard utility theory. First we sketch the more philosophical aspects of the problem and then, using a simple, formal model for the two-person case, we show that interpersonal dependency of preferences generally results in indeterminacy of preferences (resp. of subjective utility).     

Curved Chaotic Map Time Series Models and Their Stochastic Reversals

This paper considers two types of chaotic map time series models, including the well-known tent, logistic and binary-shift maps as special cases; these are called curved tent and curved binary families. Deterministic behaviour is investigated by invariant distributions, Lyapunov exponents, and by serial dependency. Stochastic time reversal of the families is shown to produce models which have a broader range of stochastic and chaotic properties than their deterministic counterparts. The marginal distributions may have concentrations and restricted supports and are shown to be a non-standard class of invariant distribution. Dependenc y is generally weaker with the reversed stochastic models. The work gives a broad statistical account of deterministic and stochastically reversed map models, such as are emerging in random number generation, communica tion systems and cryptography     

非范畴化与回文结构逆向对称重叠

回文语言的独特性,绝妙的文字驾驭,是其它修辞所无法比拟的。从认知语言学角度分析回文的语义范畴,认为回文语义存在一定非范畴化特征,即在语义上表现为范畴成员逆向对称重叠的并列组合关系;句法上,范畴成员位置移动,突破了组合关系或聚合关系的常规限制,使得回文的后部分语义发生非范畴化变异;语境上,在认知参照点的作用下,回文的前后部分语义关系可能相似而形成统一关系,也可能相反而产生对立关系。这种关系使得回文语义发生非范畴化变异,在语用功能上违背了常规语言关系的限制,从而实现回文前景化语言的震撼性修辞表达效果。     

产品市场竞争程度对企业融资行为的影响

许多研究表明我国上市公司存在较强的股权融资偏好。国内学者根据代理理论认为股权融资过多的企业未能充分利用财务杠杆而使企业绩效下降,而本文主要从产品市场竞争对资本结构影响这一角度来研究上市公司的融资行为。研究发现,上市公司的股权融资偏好和上市公司治理结构不完善、代理问题严重等体制和政策因素有关,但是,激烈的产品市场竞争也是导致企业采用低财务杠杆的重要原因,而且由于这一原因而导致的财务保守行为是合理的,它是企业为避免财务风险提高产品市场竞争能力而采取的战略行为。     

农户信贷需求与融资偏好差异化比较研究——基于江苏省588户农户调查问卷

通过对江苏3个县区588户农户问卷调查,了解处于不同经济发展水平的苏北、苏中、苏南农户信贷需求的特征,比较三个地区在贷款用途、融资渠道、融资偏好等方面的差异性。研究发现信贷需求数量与农户收入具有显著的负相关性：苏北农户信贷需求的频率最高,但借款金额相对较小,大多是消费性用途;苏中农户信贷需求的频率相对较低,但借款金额较大,贷款主要用于生产性用途;苏南农村已经完全城市化,信贷需求主要是消费性用途。三个地区农户的融资渠道都明显表现为以民间融资为主的特征。从总体样本的融资选择次序看,第一选择是亲戚朋友借款,第二选择是银行,第三选择是信用社,最不情愿的选择是高利贷。建议加快农村金融机构改革,引进新型的小额贷款机构和其它金融机构,满足农户多样化和差异性的金融需求。     

Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation in Personality: Assessing Knowledge Profiling and the Work Preference Inventory in a Thai Population

Abstract

Personality trait theories are often used to identify particular personality or behavioural characteristics of potential employees by human resource management departments. However, this can be enhanced by understanding how motivation plays a role in personality, and particularly within the context of knowledge-based personality processes. The paper draws on knowledge management theory called Knowledge Profiling (KP) in which a theoretical construct has been developed representing personality through a set of three traits and their polar values. This model has previously been linked to the trait theory of personality called Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI). This research adopts KP, develops its linkage with MBTI, and elaborates on its connection with motivation. The resulting model, referred to as Knowledge Profiling Motivational (KPM) model, is developed by connecting it with the Work Preference Inventory (WPI), which assesses individual differences in Intrinsic and Extrinsic motivational orientations. Analysis indicates that KPM is an improvement on the KP model in representing personality. Moreover, the research suggests that personality traits are not limited to a bipolar relationship but that there are relationships between traits as well.     

本土品牌逆袭与消费者偏好逆转的纵向扎根研究

  如今的中国市场,诸多行业本土品牌崛起甚至逆袭,消费者对全球品牌与本土品牌的偏好相应逆转。已有研究较为全面地揭示了全球品牌和本土品牌偏好的驱动因素,但本土品牌逆袭过程中全球品牌与本土品牌偏好的驱动因素是否相同、本土品牌逆袭与消费者偏好逆转的互动影响路径是怎样的,对这些问题缺乏探讨。         在梳理相关研究的基础上,以手机行业为研究对象,采用扎根理论的研究方法,通过对网络讨论数据的初始编码、聚焦编码和理论编码,首先研究全球品牌与本土品牌偏好的驱动因素的异同,然后结合对讨论数据的纵向统计结果,研究本土品牌逆袭过程中品牌逆袭与消费者偏好逆转的互动影响路径。         研究结果表明,本土品牌逆袭中,全球品牌与本土品牌偏好的驱动因素模型具有相似的结构,功能价值和社会价值的测量受个人因素调节而影响消费者偏好,但测量功能价值或社会价值的具体因素在全球品牌与本土品牌中存在差异。品牌逆袭有助于提升综合国力、促进消费者成熟,进而驱动消费者偏好逆转;消费者偏好逆转则通过反馈路径帮助品牌进一步逆袭。具体的,消费者对产品特质更加重视,全球品牌的原产国效应和符号价值表现力减弱,本土品牌的口碑效应和符号价值表现力增强,同时消费者的民族主义增强而爱国绑架感减弱,这些因素通过感知价值带来消费者偏好逆转。综合而言,本土品牌逆袭和消费者偏好逆转是互动提升的关系。         研究结果丰富了全球品牌和本土品牌的相关研究,为全球品牌和本土品牌的建设提供了实践启示。产品特质是影响消费者偏好的主要因素,并对其他驱动因素有支撑作用。所以全球品牌和本土品牌都要重视产品的创新和研发,还要根据各驱动因素的变化调整其营销策略。     

Are children better witnesses than adolescents? Developmental trends in different false memory paradigms

Abstract

The current study compared older children’s (11/12-year-olds) and adolescents’ (14/15-year-olds) vulnerability to false memory creation using two different methods (i.e., the Deese/Roediger-McDermott [DRM] and memory conformity paradigms) involving neutral and negative stimuli. In line with previous research, a developmental reversal effect was found for the DRM paradigm, which means that when employing this method children displayed lower false memory levels than adolescents. However, when using the memory conformity paradigm, the opposite pattern was found, with adolescents forming fewer false memories than children. This indicates that in a co-witness context, adolescents are less prone to memory errors than children. The emotional valence of the stimuli used in both paradigms did not notably affect the production of false memories. There was no statistically significant correlation between false memories as measured by the DRM and the memory conformity paradigms. Altogether, the current study indicates that there is no single type of false memory as different experimental paradigms evoke different types of erroneous recollections. Additionally, our study corroborates past findings in the literature concerning the issue of developmental reversal, strengthening the idea that under certain circumstances children might indeed be better witnesses than adolescents.     

流动人口居留意愿内部分化研究——以温州市为例

利用2009年在温州市进行的人口结构变化专项调查资料,将流动人口作为一个非均质的整体进行研究,采用数据交叉分析方法,分析了流动人口内部在居留意愿上的分化,并对流动人口居留意愿的影响因素进行了多分类的logistic回归分析。结果表明,大部分流动人口尚未有在流入地长期居留的打算,但滞留趋势明显;打算最终返乡的流动人口比例较高,非永久居留是一种常态化的现象;流动人口内部在居留意愿上存在明显分化。结合以上分析,讨论了流动人口居留意愿分化对制定流动人口政策和选择城市化战略等方面的思考。     

政府偏好与制度起源:以1950年代后的收容遣送政策为例

尽管学术文献里没有给出政府偏好的恰当定义,但它的确是解释中国制度变迁中的一个重要变量。运用制度学派的有关制度变迁理论,对收容遣送制度起源的历史作出政治学的解释,可以认为,巩固政权以及与此相联系的城市化与工业化的双重压力,都对政府治理城市秩序的偏好产生了重大影响。1950年代以后的收容遣送政策及其实践,为考察政府偏好与制度设计之间的关联提供了生动的素材。