Alcohol abuse on a college campus: A needs assessment

This paper reports the results of a needs assessment study conducted by a university-based alcohol abuse prevention project. Data are presented on the drinking patterns and drinking problems of a random sample of 462 students. Results suggest that students are experiencing numerous difficulties in the physical, educational, legal and psychosocial areas due to their use of alcoholic beverages. Implications for prevention and intervention programming are discussed and the need for planning programs from a data-based perspective rather than a rational and intuitive approach is stressed.     

A multivariate analysis of response structure: Race attitudes, 1972–1977

A particular kind of latent class model is used to characterize the unobservable variable measured by six discrete indicators of racial stance in 1972 and 1977. Methods recently introduced by Clogg and Goodman, 1982, Clogg and Goodman, 1983) for the simultaneous latent structure analysis of two multidimensional contingency tables are employed in across-year homogeneity tests on the latent class proportions. Trends in multivariate response patterns over the 5-year interval are then examined by cross-classifying the predicted latent variable with selected demographic characteristics of respondents in each year. The results indicate that (1) no significant changes in the distribution of the latent variable occurred over the 5-year time period, and (2) the status of certain demographic variables as predictors of racial stance fluctuated between the two survey years.     

论新佃农理论对解决我国农村土地问题的启示

张五常"新佃农理论"的主要思想,是关于分成租佃合约的效率的理论。佃农理论系统研究了分成租佃这种合约形式,并得出了分成租佃有效的结论。目前,我国农村的土地使用存在着非合理转让、投入成本增高但生产力增长缓慢以及抛荒等问题。根据新佃农理论的理论前提与阐述,对于农村土地使用的理论启示是:尽快界定农地的产权,因地制宜地制定土地合约,完善农村土地相应法规的建设。     

佛教唯识宗“对象”概念初探: 以《成唯识论》为据

《成唯识论》对所缘的特殊诠释不单在于提出亲、疏之分，且进一步把疏所缘依其来源再分为同聚、异聚，即自己与他人两类。《成唯识论》借助此一诠释解决表像论的单边认知所遇上的符应难题，即以个体众生之间依名言而起的相向互动，为建立共识提供可能性，从而把问题的性质由个体的、单向的静态认知如何符应物质性对象世界转换为个体之间相向地、动态地以名言主动地塑造或建构彼此的共识。     

A cost-benefit analysis of a smoking cessation program

Smoking cessation programs are usually evaluated in terms of the percentage of participants who have stopped smoking at least 6 months after the program's completion. This paper shows how a relatively low rate of behavior change may actually result in a high ratio of benefits to costs. Cost-benefit analysis is done for a specific program but the procedures and cost estimates are generalizable to other smoking cessation programs. Benefits to the firm included reduced costs of insurance and the savings due to employee absenteeism and disability. Costs included the program costs as well as the opportunity costs of the participants. Data from the literature and from the specific program are combined to form conclusions about the effectiveness of the program.