20世纪六七十年代泰国经济开发中的民族矛盾

2 0世纪六七十年代 ,随着经济开发活动的展开 ,泰国的民族矛盾也呈激化趋势。之所以如此 ,原因在于政府在对少数民族地区的经济开发过程中实行了一些不妥甚至是错误的政策和措施。文章对此进行了深入探讨     

‘The Effect of Social Networks at Origin Communities on Migrant Remittances: Evidence from Nang Rong District’

The literature on the effect of social networks on migrant remittances has ignored the influence of a household’s embeddedness in social networks in the origin community. This paper, using multilevel statistical modeling and social survey data from Nang Rong district in Thailand, examines how remittances between migrants and origin households are associated with social networks. Social network measures come from data on sibling and rice harvest network ties. Rice harvesting is very important to the rural economy, and households participating in the network are privy to vital sources of news and information that spread through the network. Results support the notion that migrants remit less to households that are isolates in the rice-harvesting network, which is theorized to be associated with access to information about employment options.     

Land Ownership as a Determinant of Temporary Migration in Nang Rong, Thailand

In this study I consider landownership as a determinant of temporary migrationin a rural area of Thailand. Previous researchon rural areas in developing countries hasfocused on the use of migration to diversifyhousehold incomes across economic sectors andacross geographic areas. I combine thisliterature with economic theories of migrationto understand the effect of land ownership ontemporary migration of household members inNang Rong, Thailand. I estimate regressionmodels predicting the probability of ahousehold having any temporary migrants, andpredicting the number of male or femaletemporary migrants in the household. I findthat households with smaller landholdings arediversifying through migration in order tosupplement rural income, while households withlarger landholdings are diversifying in orderto overcome the absence of accessible credit inthe village.     

《泰王国民商法典》制定的历史背景

《泰王国民商法典》是在近代泰国法制改革的大背景下产生的，有着复杂的社会历史背景。曼谷王朝拉玛四世以前，泰国历经素可泰王朝、大城王朝和曼谷王朝的一部分，朝代更迭，历时漫长但在法制上却保持了相对稳定。1851年，曼谷王朝四世王拉玛四世（1851-1868）登基，拉开了泰国近代史的序幕。1852年1月，英国在第二次英缅战争之后，占领了缅甸，并觊觎泰国。1855年，英国派其驻香港的总督鲍林率使团到泰国与拉玛四世谈判，威逼泰国于1855年4月18日签订了《英暹条约》（史称《鲍林条约》）。这一个不平等条约彻底打开了泰国闭关自守的大门，欧洲列强以该条约为蓝本，威逼泰国签订了类似条约。泰国自此成为一个半殖民地国家，其法制也逐步西化，泰国的法制也这一时期完成了从古代法制向现代法制的转型。事实上，泰国法制现代化的过程，就是一个从理论到制度逐步西化的过程。《泰王国民商法典》就是在这样一个大的背景下产生的。     

泰国政府民主转型过程中的腐败与反腐败

民主选举、政党竞争执政在理论上一直被视为实现权力监督、医治权力腐败的灵丹妙药。但泰国从军人统治向民选政治的转型并没有带来国家政治清廉。泰国政府通过建立和完善独立的反腐机制、强化和完善反腐法律体系、推行和完善官员财产申报制度、发挥公民社会作用等反腐举措,取得了显著成效。但由于泰国根深蒂固的传统文化与现代廉政建设之间存在冲突,以及政治经济利益的复杂性,从而在一定程度上抵消了反腐的效果,泰国仍属“严重腐败国家”。     

Pity and pragmatism: understandings of disability in northeast Thailand

Cultural models of illness causation and treatment inform community understandings of and responses to disability. Data collected as part of a multi‐country study, conducted in 2002–2007, illustrate how villagers from northeastern Thailand conceptualise disability (pikarn). Local understandings of causality are shaped by Buddhist beliefs in accumulated demerit, and this significantly influences attitudes towards illness, adversity and bodily states. Buddhist notions of love and compassion (metta and kurana) inform appropriate responses to people living with disabilities, while local distinctions of ability and disability inform expressions of sympathy and/or pity (songsarn), with implications for the social participation of people with a disability.     

Causal factor relations of supply chain competitiveness via fuzzy DEMATEL method for Thai automotive industry

Abstract

The automotive industry is complex and global. An automotive supply chain involves multiple manufacturers and service providers in different parts of the chain across different countries. Diffusion of the global production system creates both opportunities and challenges for the supply chain itself as well as production base countries. Thailand is a production base for over 15 automotive brands. The industry contributes significantly to the Thai economy and employs approximately half a million people. To address competitiveness of the Thai automotive industry, its supply chain is studied in this paper. Ten factors affecting the competitiveness of the Thai automotive supply chain are analysed through the fuzzy DEMATEL method. The method forms a structural model that categorises the causal or effect roles of the factors, and the degree at which they impact the supply chain. This study focuses on Tier 1 and Tier 2 manufacturers of the supply chain. The results reveal that there are three common causal factors and four common effects in both tiers. The other four factors play different roles in different tiers. Managerial implications relating to these factors are also discussed and certain recommendations proposed in order to enhance the competitiveness of the Thai automotive supply chain.     

Diglossia and identity in Northeast Thailand: Linguistic,social, and political hierarchy

The paper explores diglossic relations between Central Thai and phasa isan, a variety officially known as a dialect of Thai, but linguistically close to Lao. Phasa isan is spoken by almost one‐third of Thailand's population but its speakers in the Northeast are often stigmatized as uneducated and backward. We conducted field research mainly among university students in Ubon Ratchathani, a northeastern border province, by drawing upon data from survey questionnaires, reflective essays, interviews, and field observations. The findings suggest a transitional diglossic relationship in which Central Thai is the High and phasa isan the Low variety. These relationships are discussed in terms of nationalism, social hierarchy, and language maintenance and shift.     

Multicultural education in Thailand

This study examines multicultural education policy in Thailand. The researcher used the qualitative research methods of interviewing, observation and document examination to obtain data. Theory about multicultural education was used as a theoretical framework. The sites of study were eight primary schools that served students from diverse cultures – Muslim, Buddhist, Burmese, Cambodian and Thai – in the southern provinces of Thailand. Results showed that current educational policies do provide opportunity for migrant students to access public education. The Ministry of Education has allowed schools to apply their own rules and regulations that reflect the diverse cultures of their students. The results also show that the curriculum includes references to various cultures, that textbooks contain content that encourages students to live in harmony with people from different cultures and that some schools have implemented bilingual education programs. However, deeper analysis of school practices made it clear that what seems to be an acceptance of cultural diversity is just another form of assimilation. The well-established features that define Thainess remain intact and the inclusion of culturally specific content is insufficient to change the unequal power relations among dominant and minority groups in Thailand.     

Religion as a means of cultural reproduction: popular rituals in a Yunnan Chinese village in northern Thailand

This article discusses how popular rituals are used to achieve cultural reproduction in Banmai, a Yunnan Chinese village in northern Thailand where I conducted empirical fieldwork between 2002 and 2007. Most Banmai villagers were local militias originally associated with the Chinese Nationalist Party in western Yunnan Province. They went into exile on the Burmese side of the Golden Triangle in or shortly after 1949 when the People's Liberation Army swept through this region, and they ultimately settled in northern Thailand's hill regions in early 1960s. As the self-proclaimed preservers of authentic Chinese culture, Banmai villagers vigorously instituted many traditional practices, following the imagined Confucian orthodoxy, to build a reified community that represents an idealized Chinese spiritual world. Through their participation in popular rituals, we see clearly how villagers have been able to attain the cultural unification that has played a crucial role in meeting their spiritual needs at various levels: the individual, the family, the kin group, and the community.